John. | Will, John's son. | +—————————-+————————-+ | | John, Tom, Will's son. Will's son. | | +————-+————+ +————-+———-+ | | | | Will, Harry, Will, Jack, John's son. John's son. Tom's son. Tom's son. | | | | +——+——+ +——+——-+ +—-+—-+ +——-+——+ | | | | | | | | John Frank John Bill Tom Dick Tom Richard Wilson. Wilson. Harrison. Harrison. Wilson. Wilson. Jackson. Jackson. We may now sum up. The oldest form of family organisation historically traceable amongst the Aryans is that of the joint undivided family. The pro-ethnic Aryans were probably averse to marriages between members of the same joint undivided family. They may also have been averse to marriages between second cousins once removed, even when those second cousins had ceased to dwell in the same joint household. If so, then, as language afforded no term even for "cousins," the memory of the relationship may have been kept up in one of three ways. As the members of a _genos_ at Athens had no common family name, and as they were notoriously related, not by blood, but merely by the possession of a joint-worship, so amongst the Aryans a joint-worship may have served as the mark of kinship (as it does among the Hindoos still). Or the remote kin may have been enabled to claim kindred by means of a patronymic system, which survived at Athens. Or, third, gentile names may have been developed out of patronymics even in pro-ethnic times, in which case marriage would be prohibited, as amongst the Hindoos, between all persons of the same family name.