The section of the brain now shows all of the ventricles and their relations, as well as the condition of a large part of cerebral and cerebellar brain-substance. (See Fig. 29.) All cut portions are connected with each other and it is possible to fix the entire brain as it now stands and later find no difficulty in topographic orientation. There still remains, however, the demonstration of the conditions in the basal ganglia, pons, medulla, etc. These structures are best shown by transverse cuts made across the entire brain as it lies after the opening of the ventricles. The hemispheres may be cut singly, but it is better to cut both of them at the same time, using a dry blade and drawing the knife from left to right, making identical cuts on the two sides, that the histologic features may be compared. The transverse cuts may be made in the same region as recommended in the method of Pitres (see below), or they may be made closer together. As the cuts are made the sections are separated from each other by the knife-blade and the cut surfaces examined. After the cerebrum has been cut transversely in this way the peduncles, pons, medulla and cervical cord are elevated on the index-finger of the left hand and also sectioned transversely and the cut surfaces examined. If the index-finger be placed beneath the medulla parallel with its long axis, and medulla and pons raised up the cerebellar lobes fall to the side out of the way. All transverse cuts are made from left to right and so deep that only a small portion of brain-tissue, or the basal meninges hold the parts together for future orientation. The brain is now completely sectioned, with all parts preserved and capable of being restored to their normal relations. The parts may be re-assembled and the entire brain put into the fixing fluid, when it is desirable to save the entire organ for microscopic study. [Illustration: FIG. 30.—Method of Pitres. _1, Sectio præ-frontalis_; _2, Sectio pediculo-frontalis_; _3, Sectio frontalis_: _4, Sectio parietalis_; _5, Sectio pediculo-parietalis_: _6, Sectio occipitalis._] =Other Methods of Opening Brain.= For the demonstration of large localized pathologic conditions the brain may be opened by a very simple method of transverse or sagittal incisions extending entirely through the organ. The broad-bladed brain-knife should be used and the blade should be wet. The cuts should be made symmetrically on the two sides and with due reference to anatomic landmarks. They may be made either from the convexity or from the basal side.