Primitive Athens as described by ThucydidesHarrison, Jane Ellen
History
Primitive Athens as described by Thucydides
Harrison, Jane Ellen
Athens (Greece) -- Antiquities; Athens (Greece) -- Description and travel
But a moment’s reflection shows that the identification, though tempting,
will not do. Thucydides himself (p. 66) seems to warn us; he seems to
say, ‘not that precinct which you all know so well and think so much of,
not that theatre where year by year you all go, but an earlier and more
venerable place, and, that there be no mistake, the place where you go on
the 12th day of Anthesterion, and where your ancestors went before they
migrated to colonize Asia Minor.’
It is most fortunate that Thucydides has been thus precise, because
about this festival on the 12th day of Anthesterion we know from
other sources[193] certain important details which may help to the
identification of the sanctuary.
* * * * *
The festival celebrated on the 12th of Anthesterion was the Festival of
the Choes or Pitchers[194]. On this day, we learn from Athenaeus[195] and
others, the people drank new wine, each one by himself, offered some to
the god, and brought to the priestess in the sanctuary in the Marshes the
wreaths they had worn. On this day took place also a ceremony of great
sanctity, the marriage of the god to the wife of the chief archon—the
‘king’ as he was called. The actual marriage took place in a building
called the Boukoleion, the exact site of which is not known; but certain
preliminary ceremonies were gone through by the Bride in the sanctuary
in-the-Marshes. The author of the Oration ‘_against Neaera_[196]’ tells
us that there was a law by which the Bride had to be a full citizen and
a virgin when she married the king, she was bound over to perform the
ceremonies required of her ‘according to ancestral custom,’ to leave
nothing undone, and to introduce no innovations. This law, the orator
tells us, was engraved on a stele and set up alongside of the altar in
the sanctuary of Dionysos in-the-Marshes, and remained to his day, though
the letters were somewhat dim.
But this, though much, is not all. The orator goes on to tell us why
the law was written up in this particular sanctuary. ‘And the reason
why they set it up in the most ancient sanctuary of Dionysos and the
most holy, in the Marshes, is that not many people may read what is
written. For it is opened once only in each year, on the 12th of the
month Anthesterion[197].’ Finally, having sufficiently raised our
curiosity, he bids the clerk read the actual oath administered by this
pure Bride to her attendants, administered before they touch the sacred
things, and taken _on_ the baskets at the altar. The clerk is to read
it that all present may realize how venerable and holy and ancient the
accustomed rite was. The oath of the attendants was as follows: ‘_I
fast and am clean and abstinent from all things that make unclean and
from intercourse with man, and I will celebrate the Theoinia and the
Iobakcheia to Dionysos in accordance with ancestral usage and at the
appointed times._’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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