Primitive Athens as described by ThucydidesHarrison, Jane Ellen
History
Primitive Athens as described by Thucydides
Harrison, Jane Ellen
Athens (Greece) -- Antiquities; Athens (Greece) -- Description and travel
Of far greater interest than the altar, and indeed for our purpose of
supreme importance, was another discovery. In the apse, with the altar
mentioned and other altars, was found the drum of a column (Fig. 25),
which had once stood in the great hall; columns just like it are still
standing, so that it belongs without doubt to the building. On it is
an inscription[211], divided into two columns and 167 lines in length,
which from its style may be dated about the third century A.D. Above the
inscription, in a relief in pediment form containing Dionysiac symbols,
two panthers stand heraldically, one to either side of a _cantharus_;
above is the head of a bull. Inscriptions arranged in this fashion on
columns are not unusual in the third century A.D.[212]
The inscription contains the statutes of a _thiasos_, or club of persons
calling themselves Iobakchoi, who met in a place—the hall where the
inscription was set up—called the Bakcheion. This is our quadrangular
building marked _Bakcheion_ on the plan (Fig. 24). The rules, which are
given in great detail, are very interesting, but for the present one
thing only concerns us—the name of the thiasos, the Iobakchoi. Iobakchos
was a title of Dionysos, a title probably derived from a cry uttered in
his worship, and, we remember (p. 85) with sudden delight, the _Gerarae_,
the attendants of the Queen, promised in their oath to celebrate, in
accordance with ancestral usage, the Iobakcheia.
But the building, and even the traces of an earlier structure that
preceded it[213], are of late date; we are on the spot, and yet so far
the sanctuary in the Marshes eludes us. But not for long. Digging deeper
down, to the level of the ancient road, the excavators came on another
and an earlier structure, the triangular precinct marked on the plan, and
here at last evidence was found that settled for ever the site of the
sanctuary of Dionysos-in-the-Marshes.
* * * * *
The sanctuary, for such we shall immediately see it was, is of triangular
shape, and lies substantially lower than the roads by which it is
bounded. The sides of the triangle face approximately, North, East and
South-West. The precinct is surrounded by an ancient polygonal wall, a
portion of which from the South end of the South-West side is shown
in Fig. 26. The material is throughout blue calcareous stone, but the
masonry is by no means of uniform excellence or of the same date. At
various periods the wall must have undergone repairs. The space enclosed
is about 560 square metres. Owing to the fact that the precinct lay
deeper than the surrounding roads, sometimes to the extent of two metres,
the wall is supported in places by buttresses, only one of which is of
good Greek masonry; the rest seem to have been added shortly before the
ancient precinct fell into disuse.
[Illustration: FIG. 26.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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