Primitive Athens as described by ThucydidesHarrison, Jane Ellen
History
Primitive Athens as described by Thucydides
Harrison, Jane Ellen
Athens (Greece) -- Antiquities; Athens (Greece) -- Description and travel
The wine-press in itself would mark the precinct as belonging to
Dionysos, but there was more evidence forthcoming. In the centre of the
precinct is the foundation in poros stone of a large altar, 3·10 metres
square (Fig. 29). In this foundation there once were four holes; three
of them remain, and the fourth may be safely supplied. These holes are
evidently intended for the supports on which the actual altar-table
rested. Such altar-tables are familiar in vase-paintings, and seem
to have been in use specially in the cult of Dionysos; they held the
wine-jars offered to the god, and baskets of fruit such as those on which
the attendants of the Queen took their oath (p. 85). Moreover, the actual
altar-slab of just such a table has been found in Attica, and it bears
an inscription to Dionysos Auloneus[215]. Yet another important point
remains. On the West step of the altar foundation a long groove is sunk
in the stone. Its purpose is obvious. Both on the Acropolis and elsewhere
in sacred precincts such grooves are found, and they served to contain
the bases of _stelae_, on which decrees, dedications, and the like were
inscribed. Is it not at least possible that we have here not only the
altar on which the Queen took her oath, but the groove in which was
set up the very stele on which it was inscribed, the stele which stood
‘alongside of the altar’ (παρὰ τὸν βωμόν)?
We have, then, a precinct secluded from the main road; within it, open to
the air, a great altar. But inside this precinct not a single inscription
nor any sort of votive offering has come to light. In a precinct so
important this at first sight seems strange. The explanation lies to
hand. Votive offerings are meant to be seen, meant to show forth the
piety of the worshipper as well as the glory of the god. Was it worth
while to dedicate an offering in a precinct that was open but for one
day in the whole year? Apparently not. This was essentially a ‘mystery’
sanctuary, with no touch of the museum.
* * * * *
In the sanctuary of Dionysos-in-the-Marshes we expect not only precinct
and altar but an actual temple, the existence of which we know, not from
Thucydides, but from the scholiast[216] on the _Frogs_ of Aristophanes.
Commenting on the word ‘marsh’ he says, ‘a sacred place of Dionysos, in
which there is a dwelling and a temple of the god.’ Callimachus in the
_Hekale_ says,
‘To him, Limnaios, do they keep the feast
With choral dances.’
The ‘dwelling’ may be some building that contained the wine-press; the
temple happily has been found, and its position in relation to the
precinct is strange and significant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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