[Footnote 165-2: Higher wages promised, for instance, as a reward for saving a human life or some other very precious thing in great danger of being destroyed. In the case of material production, labor is worth to the party engaged in the enterprise, at most, as much as the price of the product after the remaining cost of reproducing it is deducted.] [Footnote 165-3: Possibly in consequence of a better division of labor or of some other advance made in the technic arts.] [Footnote 165-4: Thus, for instance, in harvesting potatoes, if, after they have been ploughed up, only those nearest the surface are collected, a laborer can gather over thirty Prussian _scheffels_ in a day. But the fuller and completer the gathering of potatoes desired is, the smaller will be the product of one workman and of one day's labor. If, therefore, a man wants to gather even the last bushel in a potato field of 100 square rods, so much labor would be required to accomplish it that the workman would not gather enough to feed him during his work, to say nothing of supplying his other wants. Supposing that 100 _scheffels_ of potatoes had grown on 100 square rods, and that of these were harvested-- _When the number of _Then the additional yield men employed in obtained by the gathering them was_ last workman employed is_ 4, 80 scheffels, 5, 86.6 " 6.6 scheffels. 6, 91 " 4.4 " 7, 94 " 3 " 8, 96 " 2 " (_von Thünen_, Der isolirte Staat, II, 174 ff.)] [Footnote 165-5: In Manchester, in 1828, the wages paid for spinning one pound of cotton yarn, No. 200, was 4s. 1d.; in 1831, only from 2s. 5d. to 2s. 8d. But, in the former year, the spinner worked with only 312 spools; in the latter, with 648; so that his wages increased in the ratio of 1274 to 1566. (_Senior_, Outlines.)] SECTION CLXVI. WAGES.--PRICE OF COMMON LABOR.