picturesque, although, with the exception of the Ceres, they are all variants of the leonine type: the Ceres was apparently used only in his first book, “Auslegung oder Postilla des heil. Zmaragdi,” 1536. [Illustration: WOLFGANG KÖPFEL. ESTAS HYEMS PROPE LONGE MORS ET VITA] [Illustration: WOLFGANG KÖPFEL.] [Illustration: CRAFT MÜLLER (CRATO MYLIUS). Hostibus haud tergo, sed forti pectore notus.] [Illustration: MATTHIAS BIENER (APIARIUS). Ερευνᾶτε τὰς γραφάς, οτι ἐμ ἀυταῖς ζωὴμ ἀιώνιομ ἔχετε. Ioan. 5. Vrsus insidians & esuriens, princeps impius super populum pauperem. Thre. 3. Prouerb. 28. Quam dulcia faucibus meis eloquia tua, super mel ori meo. Psal. 118. Omnia probate, quod bonum fuerit tenete. 1. Thess. 5.] [Illustration: CRAFT MÜLLER. Alma Spicifera Flaua CERES. Ni purges & molas non comedes.] [Illustration: THEODOSIUS RIHEL, JOSIAS RIHEL (UND DEREN ERBEN).] Wendelin Rihel was the founder of one of the longest-lived dynasties of Strassburg printers, who were issuing books from 1535 to 1639; their eighteen Marks have all the same subject, a winged figure of Sophrosyne, holding in one hand a rule, and in the other a bridle and halter. Of Thiebold Berger, who appears to have been in business from 1551-1584, very little is known, either of his books or his personality; his Mark is, however, pretty, and unique, so far as Strassburg is concerned. Lazarus Zetzner and his successors, whose works date from 1586 to 1648, and whose Marks number nearly thirty, all variants of the example here given: it is a bust of Minerva supported on a short square pedestal, on which is inscribed the words “Scientia immutabilis.” This family printed a large number of works, from a Lutheran Bible to Aretini’s “Historiæ Florentinæ.” As an example of a rare and distinct Mark we give one of two employed by Conrad Scher, 1603-31, which was subsequently used by Johannes Reppius, also of Strassburg. Curiosity is the only feature of the solitary example of David Hauth, 1635. [Illustration: LAZARUS ZETZNER. SCIENTIA IMMUTABILIS] [Illustration: THIEBOLD BERGER. TIMETE DOMINVM OMNES SANCTI EIVS QVONIAM NON EST INOPIA TIMENTIBVS EVM. PS:34] [Illustration: CONRAD SCHER. Prudentia Firma Et Simplex Spes] [Illustration: DAVID HAUTH.] [Illustration: J. R. DULSSECKER. DOMINUS PROVIDEBIT]