[5\1: And of civilized peoples, too, in antiquity. Just such a second self, an ~ei/dôlon~ duplicating the visible self of man, were, in their original significance, the _genius_ of the Romans, the _Fravashi_ of the Persians, the _Ka_ of the Egyptians.] [6\1: ~hupoti/thetai~ (sc. Homer) ~ta\s psucha\s toi=s eidô/lois toi=s en toi=s _kato/ptrois_ phainome/nois homoi/as kai\ toi=s dia\ tô=n _huda/tôn_ sunistame/nois, ha\ katha/pax hêmi=n exei/kastai kai\ ta\s kinê/seis mimei=tai steremniô/dê de\ hupo/stasin oudemi/an e/chei eis anti/lêpsin kai\ haphê/n~, Apollod. ~p. theô=n~ ap. Stob., _Ecl._ i, p. 420 W.] [7\1: Cf. Cic., _Div._ i, 63: iacet corpus dormientis ut mortui, viget autem et vivit animus. Quod multo magis faciet post mortem cum omnino corpore excesserit. _TD_. i, 29: visis quibusdam saepe movebantur eisque maxime nocturnis, ut viderentur ei qui vita excesserant vivere. Here we have precise ancient testimony both for the subjective and the objective elements in dreaming and for their importance for the origin of belief about the soul.] [8\1: ~To\n d' e/lipe psuchê/ . . . au=tis d' ampnu/nthê~, ~E~ 696 f. ~Tê\n de\ kat' ophthalmô=n erebennê\ nu\x eka/lupsen, ê/ripe d' exopi/sô, apo\ de\ psuchê\n eka/pussen . . . e/pei ou=n a/mpnuto kai\ es phre/na thumo\s age/rthê~--~Ch~ 466 ff., 475; and ~ô~ 348: ~apopsu/chonta~.] [9\1: Speaking of _suspirium_ ( = ~leipopsuchi/a~), Sen., _Ep._ liv, 2, says, medici hanc "meditationem mortis" vocant. faciet enim aliquando spiritus ille quod saepe conatus est.] [10\1: A remarkable idea seems to be obscurely suggested in an expression such as that of ~x~ 207, ~all' ê/toi to\n Kê=res e/ban thana/toio phe/rousai eis Aï/dao do/mous~; cf. ~B~ 302. Usually the Keres bring death to men: here (like Thanatos himself in later poetry) they conduct the dead into the realm of Hades. They are _daimones_ of Hades, originally and primitively themselves souls of the departed (see below, p. 168), and it is a natural idea to make such soul-spirits, hovering in the air, carry off the souls of men just dead to the realm of the souls. In Homer only a stereotyped phrase preserves the vague memory of such a conception.] {45}