In everyday speech we are apt to use the words "motive" and "reason" interchangeably, as in asking some one what his "motive", or what his "reason" is for doing so and so. A motive, however, is not necessarily a reason, nor a reason a motive. A reason is thought-out and conscious, which a motive need not be. On the other hand, a reason does not become a motive unless it takes hold of us and arouses a genuine tendency towards the planned result. You may prove to me, logically, the desirability of a course of action, but your reasons do not necessarily make me desire it. You can give a child excellent reasons for studying his lessons, but you have to stir some real motive of child life in order to get action. In the highest type of conduct, to be sure, motive and reason pull together, reason showing the way to the goal at which motive is aimed. {86} EXERCISES 1. Complete the following outline of the chapter, by filling in main headings to fit the subordinate headings that are given below: A. _________ (1) It keeps close to the facts. (2) It has room for introspective as well as behavior study. (3) It can be applied practically. B. _________ (1) A stimulus is typically external, a purpose internal. (2) A stimulus typically acts for a moment, a purpose persists for some time. (3) A stimulus is not directed towards a result, a purpose is so directed. C. _________ (1) Organic or physiological states that predispose towards certain forms of behavior. (2) Inner adjustments towards certain results, without foresight of the results. (3) Conscious purpose. D. _________ (1) They are aroused by stimuli. (2) They persist for a time. (3) They influence the response to other stimuli. E. _________ (1) They are neural rather than chemical. (2) They amount to a preparation or readiness for a certain response. (3) They persist sometimes for only a few seconds, sometimes for many minutes at least. F. _________ (1) A whole series of acts may be set going by a single stimulus. (2) The series comes to an end when a certain result has been reached. (3) Each act in the series is a response to some particular stimulus, and yet would not be aroused by that stimulus except for the active adjustment towards the end-result. {87} (4) The end-result cannot be reached until a particular stimulus helps the adjustment to arouse the end-reaction. (5) The preliminary acts in the series bring the required stimulus that can give the end-reaction. G. _______ (1) It may be kept active by a continuing peripheral stimulus. (2) It may be unable to discharge fully because its main path of discharge is blocked. H. _______