The regulations refer, of course, only to those buildings in which explosive work is carried on, that is to say, buildings in the danger area as distinct from the non-danger area. The buildings in the danger area are working buildings, drying-rooms, expense and factory magazines. Expense magazines are those which are licensed for a comparatively small quantity of explosives, and from which explosive material is drawn as the work of the factory demands, or into which is put partially or wholly finished work either awaiting completion or transference to the main or factory magazines. The non-danger area includes stores for chemicals, paper, and other material, also case rolling and drying sheds, sawmill, wood-working and paper-cutting shops, offices, and similar buildings. The manufacture of fireworks begins with the making of the case or container, which, with the exception of shells and Jacks-in-the-box, are cylindrical in form. What are known as “small goods” are “dry-rolled,” that is, the outer edge of the paper only is pasted. They are then rolled up on a metal former on a slate slab. The larger cases, such as rockets, gerbs, and Roman candles, have the paper pasted all over, which is rolled up on the former and consolidated by repeated rolling between the slate slab and a board provided with a handle. There are two methods of introducing the composition into the cases—filling and charging. Filling is used where the composition does not have to be consolidated, and is done with a wire and funnel, or as it was formerly called, a “tun dish.” The funnel has its outlet of such a size as to fit the case to be filled, the wire or rod is somewhat smaller than this outlet, and is provided at the upper end with a knob for the hand. The end of the funnel, which is filled with composition, is inserted in the upright case. The wire is then drawn up, thus freeing a small quantity of the composition which runs down into the case, the lowering of the wire pushing it into position. In order to render the downward movement more effective, the wire is often notched, but it is doubtful if this actually increases the efficiency. This action is rapidly repeated until the case is filled. This method, although simple, is very effective, and in the hands of a practised worker is exceedingly quick. Charging is adopted where the contents have to be solidified in the case. The composition is introduced in small quantities with a scoop of suitable size and consolidated by repeated blows with a wooden mallet on a “drift.” The drift is a cylindrical wooden tool of a size to fit the case, and an enlargement at the upper end to receive the blow of the mallet. The methods of charging the various forms of fireworks will be dealt with later under their separate headings.