The influence of an oblique cut-surface on the position of the new parts
is shown in a different way in the hydroid, tubularia. The conditions
are different in this case inasmuch as there is no proliferation from
the cut-end, but the old part produces the new hydranth. Driesch found
that if the stem of tubularia is cut in two obliquely, the new
tentacles, that develop as two rings around the tube near its cut-end,
stand obliquely on the stem,[26] as shown in Fig. 20, _A_. In most
cases, both the distal and the proximal circles of tentacles lie
obliquely to the long axis of the stem, but there is some variability in
the result, and occasionally one or the other, especially the proximal
circle, may be squarely placed, although, as a rule, the influence of
the oblique cut-end can be seen. It can be shown, I think, that the
oblique position of the rings of tentacles in tubularia is the outcome
of factors different from those that are found in the regeneration of
the tail of the tadpole and of the head and tail of the planarian.
Driesch suggested that the distance of the tentacle-rings from the
cut-end is the result of some sort of “regulation” that determines their
position at a given distance from the region at which the surrounding
water acts on the exposed end. Hence, if the exposed surface is an
oblique one the rings will also be formed in an oblique position. On the
other hand, I have suggested that we can imagine the regulation to
result from other factors. At the beginning of the development, and
before the tentacles appear, there is a withdrawal of tissue from the
cut-end that leaves the region from which the proboscis develops quite
thin. If this material withdraws at a uniform rate and to the same
distance at all points from the end of the piece, as observation shows
to be the case, and if, as appears also to be true, the outer end of the
distal ring of tentacles lies at the inner end of the proboscis region,
then it too will assume an oblique position if the cut-end is oblique.
If we imagine a similar series of regulations taking place throughout
the piece, we can account for the results. On this hypothesis the action
of the water on the free end need not be a factor in the result, but the
oblique end is itself sufficient to determine the series of regulations,
or mass-relations, that lead to the laying down of an oblique hydranth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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