The like result is obtained from other channels of information. The Mint of London, which ordinarily coins gold at the rate of about £2,000,000 sterling per annum; and which, in 1850, had not coined more than £1,492,000 sterling; in 1851, increased their operations to the extent of a coinage of £4,200,000 sterling (above 105,000,000 of francs). The moiety of this gold must have come from California. In the same year, the mint of Paris coined in gold [192]269,709,570 francs, of which about half was supplied by the conversion of 100,000,000 of Dutch Guillaumes into French money. In the accounts of the German Mints, we find about [193]200,000,000 of Californian gold. If we are to judge from the operations of our own mint, the import of 1852 will be smaller than that of 1851; for we have coined but 14,000,000 pieces in gold during the first three months of this year. Australia sends regularly large amounts of her gold to England; but a part of the export of gold dust, or “nuggets,” is returned in gold coin. Many vessels have lately cleared from London with £200,000 sterling; and this at a time when England had barely received £800,000 sterling, from Sydney and Melbourne. Considerable amounts will likewise be imported in plate and jewellery. The more wealth increases in the colony, the more gold will be employed both for circulation and for luxuries. The producing country will be most certainly, _par excellence_, the country of consumption. Europe contains 200,000,000 inhabitants, of whom not one-half are adequately supplied with metallic money. It would require, certainly, an addition of many milliards of francs to the quantity of the present metallic circulation, to put many of these countries in an equally favourable position in this respect with France, Belgium, Switzerland, Holland, and Great Britain. We know, that only nations of industrious habits are in want of a larger supply of gold and silver because they alone carry on trade to any extent. Abundance of production precedes and gives rise to a demand for money. Wealth must exist in a country before the sign of that wealth is required; but, at the same time, it cannot be denied that the circulation of the precious metals stimulates, to a great degree, the creation of richness; it acts like roads, canals, or other modes of transport, which, by opening the means of reaching markets, extend the radius of operations, and give additional value to commodities. One half of Europe has a trade of inconsiderable importance, and derives but a small part of the benefit of the produce of its own soil. It has neither industry nor credit. In many countries now, gold and silver are replaced by the use of paper-money, often discredited in its own, and in all cases valueless out of its own country.