RESONANCE, differing opinions concerning, 3; principle of, 5; nasal and head cavities in, 12; influence of resonance cavities on pitch, 12; pitch of vowels in, 20; and power, 27; and breath force, 31; in general, 43-50; development of science of, 43; quality and power of, 44; significance of, 45; experiments to demonstrate, 46-50; induced, 47; sympathetic, 47, 48; density of air and, 47; volume and character of tones dependent on, 49; head and nasal, 51-55; relation of articulation to, 51; focusing tone a matter of, 52; effect of its absence, 54; exercises to establish, 58-72. RESONATOR OF THE VOICE, 6. RESPIRATION (see _Breath control_ and _Breathing_). RESPIRATORY MUSCLES, a motor for the voice, 6; described, 23, 28; action of, 25; illustrated, 24, 29. ROGERS, CLARA KATHLEEN, on registers, 38. RUDERSDORFF, MADAME, and nasal resonance, 2. SANTLEY, SIR CHARLES, on Garcia and the laryngoscope, 3. SCALE OF VOWEL SOUNDS, 20, 72. SELF-REPRESSION, a deterrent to beautiful singing, 84. SEMBRICH, MARCELLA, and the half-breath, 37; use of nasal resonance, 54. SINGING, subtlety of, 4; obstacles to, 5, 74, 84; versus speaking, 5, 17; mission of singer, 18; defined as breathing, 23; age to begin, 77; in public schools, 78; by method, 79; vibrato in, 80; psychology of, 82-85; sublimated speech, 83; defined by Ffrangcon-Davies, 83; freedom in, 84; deterrents to, 84. SINUSES, illustrated, 7; pairs of, 8; function of, 12. SMILE, EFFECT OF, on pronunciation, 19. SOFT PALATE, office of, 11, 52. SPEAKING, obstacles to, 5; tones of, identical with singing tones, 5; difference from singing, 17; expression in, 83. SPEAKING VOICE, misunderstood, 16; connection with singing voice, 16; how cultivated, 16; identity with singing voice, 17; and pronunciation, 18, 19. SPHENOID BONE, 8. SPHENOIDAL SINUSES, illustrated, 7; pairs of, 8; function of, 12. STAGE ELOCUTION, criticism of Forbes-Robertson on, 19. TEETH, function of, in use of voice, 12. THROAT, theory of sound in, 1; a resonator, 6; illustrated, 7; relation to voice, 8. (See _Larynx_ and _Pharynx_.) THROAT STIFFNESS, most frequent obstacle to good singing, 74; effect on larynx, 74; difficulty in recognizing one's own, 74; throat consciousness a common cause of, 74; induced by lack of breath mastery, 75; American hurry begets, 75; voice culture a struggle with, 75; remedies for, 75, 76. TIMBRE OF VOICE, defined and explained, 7, 8. TONE, defined, 45; analyzed 45; experiments to determine composition and resonance of, 46-50; focusing of, 52; vocal, a mental concept, 82; whole man in, 83.