Each of these divisions was subdivided into two with reference to age, the _juniores_ (from eighteen to forty-five) being the effective fighting force, the _seniores_ (forty-five to sixty) the home defence. The final division is into the military unit, the century (_centuria_), consisting nominally of a hundred men. This was the minimum strength of the lowest unit, but the census list did not represent the effective fighting force of the legion organised for battle, but the numbers qualified for service; consequently the centuries of a particular class were raised to the quota required to include all the members of that class. The numerical proportion of the centuries of the different classes to one another is very striking. The centuries of the first class (eighty in number) are almost equal to those of the four other classes put together (collectively ninety in number). If this table exhibits the real proportion of social classes to one another, it would show a wonderfully equal distribution of land in the state, one so equal as to cause most of the landholders to be placed in the same class, for the list would mainly represent holders of land (the other _res mancipi_ not being usually divorced from its possession). But the proportions of the classes may only show that the centuries of richer citizens were still regarded as forming the more permanent force, the other divisions, not much more numerous though drawn from a larger population, being merely supplementary. We know that members of the first class were more perfectly equipped,[285] and the fact of their being the main strength of the army would be proved if it were true that this class alone was originally _classis_ (“the line”) and that all the others were _infra classem_.[286] As will be seen from the accompanying table of the census, the mass of citizens whose property fell below that of the lowest class was not wholly unprovided for. They were organised, according to Livy, into six, according to Dionysius into five, centuries. Some of these were composed of professional persons, whose services were indispensable to an army, and who were, perhaps, members of the trade guilds (_collegia_) which are said to have existed in the regal period.[287] Such were the carpenters (_fabri_) who formed two centuries, and the horn-blowers and trumpeters (_cornicines_ and _tibicines_) who formed one each. THE SERVIAN CLASSIFICATION THE CAVALRY 18 centuries, with no fixed property qualification. THE INFANTRY _1st Classis_—100,000 asses (Livy and Dionysius),[288] 120,000 asses (Pliny and Festus).[289] Seniores, 40 cent. } 80 Juniores, 40 cent. } _2nd Classis_—75,000 asses (Liv. and Dionys.). Seniores, 10 cent. } 20 Juniores, 10 cent. } _3rd Classis_—50,000 asses (Liv. and Dionys.). Seniores, 10 cent. } 20 Juniores, 10 cent. } _4th Classis_—25,000 asses. Seniores, 10 cent. } 20 Juniores, 10 cent. }