Round the year with the stars: The chief beauties of the starry heavens as seen with the naked eyeServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Round the year with the stars: The chief beauties of the starry heavens as seen with the naked eye
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy -- Popular works
Both stars are of immense actual magnitude. Their distance is so great
that no trustworthy estimate of their parallax has yet been made.
Rigel was put by Newcomb in his “XM” class, to which we have several
times referred. It is without doubt one of the mightiest suns in the
universe. It is also a double, and one of the finest in the sky.
Close to its flaming rays the telescope reveals a small, intensely
blue star. The distance is about 9″.5. In its general aspect Rigel
resembles Vega, but the latter has a more decided blue tint. Scientific
photometry gives the precedence in brightness to Vega, which is ranked
as of magnitude 0.1, while Rigel is 0.3, which means that the first is
one-tenth, and the second three-tenths of a magnitude below the 0 rank.
It is very interesting to bring Rigel and Betelgeuse close together
with a good sextant and then note the difference in their color.
The star Gamma (γ), or Bellatrix, the “Amazon” or “Female Warrior,”
marks the left shoulder of the imaginary giant. Astrological
superstition connects this star with the fortunes of women. Kappa (κ),
or Saiph, “Sword” (although it is far from the Sword), is in the right
knee of the figure. The head is marked by a little triangular group
of stars, the chief of which is Lambda (λ), a fine double, yellow and
purplish; distance 4″.5. The “lion’s hide” which Orion is represented
as carrying on his left arm like a shield is shown by a bending row
of small stars, beginning with Pi (π) and running upward between
Bellatrix and Aldebaran in Taurus. The reader who is not provided
with a telescope is advised, at least, to employ an opera-glass in
sweeping over the whole space included in Orion. It is a region
superb in its beauty and grandeur. Around the Belt, particularly, the
sky is filled with sparkling multitudes infinitely varied in size,
color, and grouping. As already said, this part of the firmament
contains an enormous spiral nebula, which, although it can only be
seen in photographs, seems to manifest its presence to the eye by
the significant arrangement of small stars in curving lines. A word
should be added about the star Zeta, or Alnitah, at the southeastern
end of the Belt. It is a triple, very remarkable for the indescribable
color of its second largest component. The Russian astronomer Struve
could find nothing exactly resembling it in tone in the whole gamut
of spectral colors, and he invented a special name to describe
it--_olivacea-sub-rubicunda_, which may be translated “ruddy-olive.” It
is 2″.5 from its larger companion. The third star is very faint, and
distant 56″. When the telescope is directed to the star Sigma (σ) there
comes into view an astonishing double group of stars, among which such
colors as pale blue, “grape-red,” ruddy, and “gray” have been detected.
The effect upon the mind of seeing such combinations of tinted suns
transcends all power of description. With the feeling of pleasure that
they give goes a sense of staggering wonder.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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