P. J. 4673. Pillaged by Mark Antony. M. 3963. V. C. Varr. 713, ante Christ 41. Anno Christi Hadrian, Imp. 6, went into the East, and is supposed 122. to have rebuilt Palmyra; in consequence of which it assumed the name of Hadrianople. At this period Malenthon was a second time secretary of the city. 264. Odenathus, having roused the Persians, is declared Augustus by Gallienus. 267. Odenathus, with his son Herodianus, slain by Mæonius, who assumes the sovereignty of Palmyra; but is himself slain a few days after. Then Zenobia assumes the empire in her own name, and those of her sons. Circa 216. Palmyra made a Roman colony by Caracalla, in his expedition into Parthia. 227. The republic assisted Alexander Severus against Artaxerxes, king of Persia; Zenobia being their general. 242/3. The republic assisted Gordian against the Persians. 260. Valerian taken prisoner by Sapor, king of Persia. A. D. 267/8. Zenobia routed Gallienus’s general, Herodianus. Vabellathus assumes the empire. 263. Claudius chosen emperor of Rome. 270. Zenobia conquers Egypt by her general Zabdas. 272. Palmyra taken by Aurelian. 273. Zenobia follows in the triumph of Aurelian at Rome. 298. Hierocles, governor of Palmyra, under Dioclesian. 527/8. Justinian repairs and fortifies Palmyra. 634/9. Palmyra subjected by the Mahometans; Jabala, the son of Al Ilum, being then lord of Tadmor, and king of Gassan. 659. The battle of Tadmor, between Datracus and Adis. 746. Solyman, the pseudo-caliph, beaten by Merwan, fled to Tadmor. 1172. Palmyra visited by Benjamin of Tudela. 1678. Palmyra visited by some English merchants, attended by forty servants and muleteers, who first informed Europe, that such splendid ruins as those of Tadmor were in existence. At this time Melbam was Emir. 1691. The English merchants visit Palmyra a second time; the Emir being Hassine. 1693. Dôr, Emir of Palmyra[65]. We shall now give place to accounts in respect to the first impressions, made by these ruins on the minds of different travellers.