Salt and the salt industryCalvert, Albert Frederick
History
Salt and the salt industry
Calvert, Albert Frederick
Salt industry and trade; Salt industry and trade -- England -- Cheshire
The formation has only been bored through to a depth of 525 ft., where
we find an unpierced stratum, 18 ft. thick, of hard marl. Above it
are 6 ft. of pure rock-salt, then 81 ft., of marl with thick veins of
rock-salt, then 3 ft. of nearly pure salt, then 83 ft. of marl with
thin veins of salt, and above it 4 ft. of marl and salt. So far it is
evident that the wet seasons predominated, and that marl was deposited
far more extensively than salt. For a time, a cycle of dry seasons
prevailed; a great change occurred, and a bed of rock-salt, 84 ft. in
thickness, was deposited. In other parts, the bed of rock-salt varies
from 80 ft. to over 100 ft. in thickness, none of which is perfectly
pure, and not more than 20 ft. of it is sufficiently pure to be of
commercial use. The greatly changed seasons are indicated by these
formations. A portion near the bottom, containing less clay, shows
a less copious or less protracted rainfall, and these periods were
followed by wet seasons and the presence of much clay. After a time,
so much rain fell that for a period sufficiently long for about 30 ft.
of marl to deposit, practically no salt formed. Here and there in this
deposit are veins of salt, and as these are perpendicular and run as if
deposited in rifts or cracks of the marl, the salt doubtless belongs to
the next period, when another change occurred and another bed of salt,
varying from 50 to 80 ft. in thickness, was deposited. The whole of
this bed is fairly full of marl, and, for an untold period, marls were
deposited, covering up the rock-salt.
The cycles of greater or less rainfalls are traceable in the varying
preponderance of marls, in the crystallization of salt, and in the form
in which the rock-salt is found. Each minute cube starts as a crystal
from some independent point of rock salt, and these increase in numbers
until they form a mass of crystallization possessing no distinct lines
or features. Had the dry season continued for a long period a thick
mass of rock-salt would have been formed. The floor of the lake would
have been covered with salt crystals, like the crystal floor of a
mine, and the moment the rainy season commenced, and the brooks began
to bring in fresh water and mud, these crystals, being attacked by
non-saturated water, immediately lost their sharp angles and became
covered with a fine layer of mud. As soon as the crystals became
completely covered they ceased to dissolve, but the angles and cubes
disappeared, and a shapeless mass of mixed salt and mud was formed.
With the next dry season, crystallization again set in and another
crystal floor was produced, to be again destroyed by the succeeding wet
season. This constant growth and destruction of crystals went on for
ages, until the salt beds were formed and the water ceased to become
super-saturated.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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