Scientific American, September 29, 1883 Supplement. No. 404Various
Science
Scientific American, September 29, 1883 Supplement. No. 404
Various
Science -- Periodicals
The stonework of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, as I am kindly
informed by Mr. F. Collingwood, the engineer in charge of the New York
approach, is constructed of the following materials:
Granyte, from Frankfort, Spruce Head, Hurricane Island, East Blue Hill
and Mt. Desert, Me., Concord, N. H., Cape Ann, Mass., Westerly, R. I.,
Stony Creek, Conn., and Charlottesburg, N. J.
Limestone, from Rondout and Kingston, N. Y., also from Isle La Motte
and Willsboro Point, Lake Champlain, and vicinity of Catskill, N. Y.
In the anchorages, the corner stones, exterior of the cornice and
coping, and the stones resting on anchor plates, consist of granyte
from Charlottesburg and Stony Creek, in the New York anchorage,
and from Westerly, in the Brooklyn anchorage. The rest of the
material is entirely limestone, mainly from Rondout, largely from
Lake Champlain. In the towers, limestone was chiefly employed below
the water line, and, above, granyte from all the localities named,
except Charlottesburg, Westerly, and Stony Creek. In the approaches
the materials were arranged in about the same way as in the towers.
Additional particulars are given concerning the quantity, prices, tests
of strength, and reasons for selection of the varieties of stone.
For roofing, slate is largely employed throughout these cities, being
mainly derived from Poultney, Castleton, Fairhaven, etc., Vt., and
Slatington, Lynnport, Bethlehem, etc., Penn.
For pavements, the bowlders of trap and granyte from excavations have
been widely used in the "cobblestone" pavements. The trap (or diabase)
of the Palisades across the Hudson, immediately opposite New York city,
and from Graniteville, Staten Island, is used in the "Russ" and Belgian
pavement; also, granyte from the Highlands of the Hudson, from Maine,
etc, in the "granite block" pavement in both New York and Brooklyn;
large quantities of crushed trap from Weehawken and Graniteville, for
the macadamized streets and roads in the parks and outskirts; and also
wood, concrete, and asphalt in various combinations.
For sidewalks and curbstones, the material generally employed is
the flagstone, a thinly bedded blue sandstone or graywacke from the
interior of the State, the Catskill Mountains, and from Pennsylvania;
also, granyte, chiefly from Maine. In the older streets, a mica slate
from Bolton, Conn., and micaceous slaty gneiss from Haddam, Conn., were
once largely used, and may still be occasionally observed in scattered
slabs.
Additional facts were given concerning the ruling prices for the
varieties of stone, tables presenting all the determinations obtainable
in reference to the crushing strength of the varieties used in New
York, lists of the dealers in building and ornamental stones, etc.
III. DURABILITY OF BUILDING STONES, IN NEW CITY AND VICINITY.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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