The lecturer then reviewed, in case of an increased demand for anthracine, the probable new sources of obtaining increased supplies of coal tar: (1) The destructive distillation of petroleum; (2) coke ovens and blast furnaces; (8) the carbonization of coal for general manufacturing purposes, using the coal and gas as fuel, and giving tar, benzine, and ammonia as residues; and (4) distillation of coal with the object of obtaining the principal products, tar and benzine, and as the residual product, gas. This part of the lecture was important to dyers and printers, the lecturer showing also, in a very interesting way, in what manner manufacturers may very considerably economize their consumption of coal. The lecturer explained that while from one ton of coal there was obtained on an average about 17 oz. of benzine, by the new method about thirty times that amount can be got from the same quantity of coal. He also considered in great detail the different processes of the carbonization of coal, and of increasing the production of the different important residual products of gas tar, and also the best method of extracting the benzine. He showed samples of benzine which he produced from gas obtained at the Rochdale Road Gasworks, and, further, nitro-benzine, aniline, and coloring matters, which he had made from this gas benzine. The lecturer also discussed the effect of the probable increased production of tar, ammonia, benzine, etc., as affecting gas companies, and said it was anticipated they either would raise the price of gas or change the present system of manufacture, which he considered probable. The enormous increase in the production of ammonia, of which the larger portion at present, as sulphate of ammonia, was used as a fertilizer, would no doubt considerably reduce its value. It might even replace soda for many purposes, and thus react on our alizarine industry.