In the Edinburgh case, Sir Frederick Bramwell said: "The variations of the currents are effected so as to produce with remarkable fidelity the varied changes which occur, according as the carbon is compressed or relieved from compression by the gentle impacts of the air set in motion by the voice." "The most prominent quality of carbon is its capability, under the most minute differences of pressure, to enormously increase or decrease the resistances of the circuit." "That the varying pressure of the black tension-regulator (Edison's) is sufficient to cause a change in the conducting power." Sir Frederick also said "he could not believe that the resistance was varied by a jolting motion; could not conceive a jolting motion producing variation and difference of pressure, and such an instrument could not be relied on, and therefore would be practically useless." Sir William Thomson, in the same case, said: "The function of the carbon is to give rise to diminished resistance by pressure; it possesses the quality of, under slight degrees of pressure, decreasing the resistance to the passage of the electric current;" and, also, "the jolting motion would be a make-and-break, and the articulate sounds would be impaired. There can be no virtue in a speaking telephone having a jolting motion." "Delicacy of contact is a virtue; looseness of contact is a vice." "Looseness of contact is a great virtue in Hughes' microphone;" and "the elements which work advantages in Hughes' are detrimental to the good working of the articulating instrument." [Illustration: Fig. 1.] Mr. Falconer King said: "There would be no advantage in having a jolting motion; the jolting motion would break the circuit and be a defect in the speaking telephone," and "you must have pressure and partially conducting substances." Professor Fleeming Jenkin said, "The pressure of the carbons is what favors the transmission of sound." All the above named scientific men agree that variations of a current passing through a carbon microphone are produced by _pressure_ of the carbons against one another, and they also agree that a jolting motion could not be relied upon to reproduce articulate speech. Mr. Conrad Cooke said, "The first and most striking principle of Hughes' microphone is a shaking and variable contact between the two parts constituting the microphone." "The shaking and variable contact is produced by the movable portion being effected by sound." "Under Hughes' system, where gas carbon was used, the instruments could not possibly work upon the principle of pressure." "I am satisfied that it is not pressure in the sense of producing a change of resistance." "I do not think pressure has anything to do with it."