On testing further, he proved totally deficient in the color perception of red, and with a brilliant red patch he matched almost a black shadow. The diagram shows you the relative perceptions in the spectrum of this gentleman and myself. There are others who only see three-quarters, others half, and others a quarter the amount of red that we see, while some see none. Others see less green and others less violet, but I have met with no one that can see more than myself or General Festing, whose color perceptions are almost identical. Hence we have called our curve of illumination the "normal curve." We have tested several eminent artists in this manner, and about one half of the number have been proved to see only three quarters of the amount of red which we see. It might be thought that this would vitiate their powers of matching color, but it is not so. They paint what they see; and although they see less red in a subject, they see the same deficiency in their pigments; hence they are correct. If totally deficient, the case of course would be different. Let us carry our experiments a step further, and see what effect what is known as a turbid medium has upon the illuminating value of different parts of the spectrum. I have here water which has been rendered turbid in a very simple manner. In it has been very cautiously dropped an alcoholic solution of mastic. Now mastic is practically insoluble in water, and directly the alcoholic solution comes in contact with the water it separates out in very fine particles, which, from their very fineness, remain suspended in the water. I propose now to make an experiment with this turbid water. I place a glass cell containing water in front of the slit, and on the screen I throw a patch of blue light. I now change it for turbid water in a cell. This thickness much dims the blue; with a still greater thickness the blue has almost gone. If I measure the intensity of the light at each operation, I shall find that it diminishes according to a certain law, which is of the same nature as the law of absorption. For instance, if one inch diminishes the light one half, the next will diminish it half of that again, the next half of that again, while the fourth inch will cause a final diminution of the total light of one sixteenth. If the first inch allows only one quarter of the light, the next will only allow one sixteenth, and the fourth inch will only permit 1/256 part to pass.