Scientific American Supplement, No. 664, September 22,1888Various
History
Scientific American Supplement, No. 664, September 22,1888
Various
Science -- Periodicals
One trial of this method was enough for me. The first modification I
adopted consisted in substituting for the large quantity of granulated
albumen a single half of the white of an egg in one piece. I likewise
arranged a check experiment in which the pepsin was omitted, other
conditions remaining unaltered. At the end of four hours the residual
pieces of albumen were placed on blotting paper to remove superfluous
moisture, and weighed. The gain in weight of the albumen in the check
experiment, due to absorbed water, was calculated into percentage, and
the same deducted from the weights of the other portions which had
been subjected to the action of various pepsins. This, although an
improvement upon the old method, proved likewise unreliable, because
the water absorbed was not equal in each experiment. The albumen which
was immersed in acidulated water only quickly dried, superficially,
when placed on blotting paper, whereas that which had been acted on by
pepsin was rendered glutinous and incapable of being dried in this
manner. In fact, one sample weighed considerably more than it did at
starting, even after deducting the allowance for water absorbed.
I next tried much smaller pieces of albumen, about 1 c.c., in hope
that complete solution might ensue, and a time value be obtained. I
soon found, however, that the solubility does not depend upon the
mass, but upon the surface exposed.
Finally I discarded altogether the use of fresh white of egg, and had
recourse to dry powdered albumen, prepared by drying in a steam oven
and levigation in a mortar. With this I succeeded in getting accurate
comparisons between the digestive powers of various pepsins. Albumen
in this form dissolves with rapidity, owing to its state of fine
division. Any remaining undissolved can be filtered off on a
counterpoised filter paper, and heated in a water oven until
absolutely dry. It is, however, unnecessary to do this when two
samples only are compared against each other, nor is it essential to
know the actual weight of albumen employed, provided it be the same in
each experiment. This is insured by placing some on the naked pan of
the balance (there is no objection to so doing, as it is a dry gritty
powder, and does not adhere to the metal), and counterpoising by a
similar addition to the other pan.
Let the albumen fall on the center of the filtered liquid, avoiding,
if possible, contact with the glass of the beaker. It soon sinks, and
after the lapse of some time, a simple inspection will show which is
dissolving with the greater rapidity. Agitation assists solution.
Therefore take the two beakers, one in each hand, and rotate the
contents equally. When one sample has dissolved all the albumen, it is
manifestly superior to the other which has failed to do so in the
given time. If many samples have to be compared, it will be necessary
to start with known quantities of albumen, and weigh the undissolved
residues in the manner above indicated.
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