There are, broadly speaking, four methods of treating Natural foliage. These may be arranged in a Chart, according to their relation to the two poles of Art and Science; from Realism (which is all Art and no Science) to the "Botanical Analysis" method (in which is a little Science but no Art), thus: The first two of these methods are Artistic and legitimate: the others are inartistic and misleading. Before treating of the artistic methods it will be well to clear the ground by dismissing the others. ART POLE..........................................SCIENCE POLE Realism | Conventionalism | Disguised | Botanical (See Sec. 10). | (See Sec. 14). | Artificialism | Analysis | | (See Sec. 6). | (See Sec. 5). Sec. 5.--THE BOTANICAL ANALYSIS TREATMENT. In this method the student was taught (i) to draw each plant with the Stem _straightened out_, the Leaves _flattened out_, and the Flowers represented as in _side elevation_ or _plan_. (ii) The Flowers were further _pulled in pieces_, and the Petals were _flattened out_ in a manner similar to the Entomologists' practice of displaying their "specimens" scientifically. Often, also (iii) the Stems and Buds were _cut through_; and "patterns" were made with the Sections. With regard to the first of these practices (i): it should be observed that much of the beauty of appearance of natural foliage results from the variety of view, the subtile curvature, and the foreshortening, as seen in perspective; and that to sacrifice all these for the sake of a _diagram_ would be a wasted opportunity. With regard to the other practices (ii) and (iii): it is obvious that these statements of the facts of the plant are useful as a part of the Science of Botany; but can no more be considered as making Decoration than Anatomical diagrams can be looked upon as Pictures. Some knowledge of external Botany is useful to a Pattern artist as some knowledge of external Anatomy is useful to the Pictorial artist. In each of these cases, the Science, which discovers and records facts, is subservient to its sister, Art, which uses the facts to interpret appearances; and, when scientific diagrams are put forth as Art, the Science is in its wrong place: it has then been treated as if it were the Building instead of being only the Scaffolding; and the results of such attempts cannot be considered as complete or final. Examples of this method are given in Figs. 1 and 2. It was officially encouraged about twenty-five years ago; and books like "Plants, their Natural Growth and Ornamental Treatment," and "Suggestions in Floral Design," both by F. Edward Hulme, F.L.S., etc., show it at its best. [Illustration: FIG. 1.]