Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and ManufacturesVarious
Science
Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures
Various
Science -- Periodicals; Technology -- Periodicals
animal twisting and writhing in every direction, until finally by
an Herculean effort the head is torn from the body, and the latter
becomes digested by some potent gastric juice, exuding from the
colossal organism of which the trap forms but a portion. Of course
this is vastly exaggerated, and it would puzzle an elephant to pull
his own head off; but if for the post studded trap, we substitute the
surface of a flower, and if we replace the elephant by a fly, we shall
have conceived an accurate picture of what takes place in the peculiar
receptacle with which Nature has provided the _mentzelia ornata_.
This is very beautifully shown in Fig. 3; and at A, in same figure,
is represented the barbed bristles grasping the highly magnified
proboscis of the fly. Between the barbed bristles are mushroom-shaped
projections, from the summits of which a viscous nectar exudes. This
is the honey bait which induces the insect to insert his trunk between
the fatal barbs. There is still another plant, _physianthus albens_,
which captures butterflies by grasping the proboscis. The construction
of the flower is quite complicated, so that the insects are compelled
to insert their trunks through a narrow and winding passage in order
to reach the nectar. The organ then necessarily comes in contact with
an adhesive substance, which prevents its removal.
The _Gronovia scandens_, Fig. 4, is another plant trap, which catches
no flies nor possesses any such wonderfully adapted devices as the
plants already described. It simply has its branches covered with
double barbed bristles of great strength which attach themselves to
anything brought in contact with them. The bristles are strong enough
to hold lizards, as represented by our engraving, the points inserting
themselves in the interstices of the scaly covering of the reptile.
Of course the lizard thus held starves to death, and small birds
often follow a like fate. We are indebted to _La Nature_ for the
illustrations.
[Illustration: Figs. 1 and 2.--ARUM DRACUNCULUS.]
[Illustration: Fig. 3.--MENTZELIA.]
[Illustration: Fig. 4.--GRONOVIA SCANDENS.]
* * * * *
POPULAR FALLACIES.
Night air and damp weather are held in great horror by multitudes
of persons who are sickly or of weak constitutions; consequently, by
avoiding the night air, and damp weather, and changeable weather, and
weather that is considered too hot or too cold, they are kept within
doors the much largest portion of their time, and as a matter of
course continue invalids, more and more ripening for the grave
every hour; the reason is, they are breathing an impure atmosphere
nineteen-twentieths of their whole existence.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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