Scotland in Pagan Times; The Iron AgeAnderson, Joseph
History
Scotland in Pagan Times; The Iron Age
Anderson, Joseph
Scotland -- Antiquities
At a little distance another burial was discovered, placed simply in the
mound without the protection of a cist The deposit of burned bones was
contained in an urn of stone similar to the first, but slightly smaller,
measuring across the mouth 19 inches in the longer and 15 inches in the
shorter diameter, and 15 inches in depth. The urn had been simply set in
the ground, the mouth covered with a flat stone, and a quantity of
stones and earth heaped over it, so that its covering stone was scarcely
more than 18 inches beneath the surface.
Another urn of the same character was found, also set in the ground
about a foot below the surface. It had no covering stone. Two small
cists containing burnt bones and ashes, but no urns, were also found in
the mound separately. At a distance of seven yards from one of these
there was a circular enclosure, formed of oblong beach stones, each
about a foot long, and standing on end about a yard apart. Within this
circle two other cists were discovered, each containing the usual
indications of a burial after cremation—burnt bones, ashes, and
charcoal—but no urns and no deposit of arms, implements, weapons, or
ornaments.[42]
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Footnote 42:
Described by Mr. Petrie in _Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot._, vol. viii. p.
367.
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In a large burial mound at Stennis, Orkney, excavated by Mr. Farrer[43]
in December 1854, another burial was found, accompanied by an urn of
stone of this special character. The mound was 62 feet in diameter, and
about 9 feet high, circular and flat on the top, the sides sloping at a
considerable angle. Near the centre of the mound, and at a height of
about 3 feet above the original level of the ground, there was a cist
formed of massive side stones about 6 feet in length, and end stones
about 2 feet in length, set in the middle of the space between the side
stones, so that the cavity enclosed was only about 2½ feet long, 2 feet
wide, and 2 feet deep. In the cist was an urn of steatitic stone (Fig.
53), 22½ inches [Illustration: Fig. 53.—Large Steatite Urn, found at
Stennis, Orkney (20 inches high).] diameter across the mouth, and 20
inches high. It was filled to about one-third of its depth with calcined
bones, largely mingled with vitrified matter. It differs from the
Stronsay urn in having a triply incised border immediately underneath
the rim. The burial-mound also differs from the Stronsay mound in being
higher and more regularly-shaped. like the Stronsay mound, it contained
more interments than one, although the excavation only revealed two.[44]
The second burial was a little beyond the centre of the mound, to the
northward of the first, and at about the same height above the original
surface of the ground. It was contained in a cist formed of rough
flagstones placed on edge, which measured 33½ inches in length, and 19
inches in width. A small urn of baked clay, 5 inches diameter, and 5
inches deep, stood in the north-west corner of the cist. It contained
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