Solomon and Solomonic LiteratureConway, Moncure Daniel
History
Solomon and Solomonic Literature
Conway, Moncure Daniel
Hebrew literature -- History and criticism; Solomon, King of Israel
In several other cases entire proverbs seem to be inserted for the
correction of preceding ones,--these being not always understood by
the interpolator:
Solomon--Treasures of evil profit not,
But virtue delivereth from death.
Jahvist--Jahveh will not suffer the righteous man to be famished,
But the desires of the unrighteous he thrusteth away. (x. 2, 3.)
Solomon--The tongue of the just is choice silver;
The heart of the evil is little worth:
The lips of the just feed many,
But fools die through heartlessness.
Jahvist--The blessing of Jahveh, that maketh rich,
And work addeth nothing thereto. (x. 20-22.)
Solomon--The virtuous man hath an everlasting foundation. (x. 25.)
Jahvist--The fear of Jahveh prolongeth days. (x. 27.)
Solomon--Hear counsel, receive correction,
That thou mayst be wise in thy future.
Jahvist--Many are the purposes in a man's heart,
But the counsel of Jahveh, that shall stand. (xix. 20-1.)
Solomon--The acceptableness of a man is his kindness:
Better off the poor than the treacherous man.
Jahvist--The fear of Jahveh addeth to life;
Whoso is filled therewith shall abide, he shall not be visited
by evil. (xix. 22-3.)
Solomon--The upright man considereth his way.
Jahvist--Wisdom is nothing, heart nothing,
Counsel nothing, against Jahveh. (xxi. 29, 30.)
In one instance the Jahvist has made a slip by which his hand is
confessed. In xvii. 3 we find:
The fining-pot is for silver, and the furnace for gold,
But Jahveh trieth hearts.
But he omitted to notice the repetition in xxvii. 21, where we find
the profound sentence which the Jahvist had reduced to commonplace:
The fining-pot for silver and the furnace for gold,
And a man is proved by that which he praiseth.
The Jahvist spirit is also discoverable in xx. 22:
Solomon--Say not "I will retaliate evil";
Jahvist--Wait for Jahveh and he will save thee.
Also in xxv. 21-2:
Solomon--If he that hateth thee be hungry, give him bread to eat,
If he be athirst give him water to drink.
Jahvist--For thou shalt heap coals of fire on his head,
And Jahveh shall reward thee.
A similar mean and vindictive spirit is shown in xxiv. 18, following
a magnanimous proverb; but in verse 29, probably more ancient than 18,
we find the unqualified rebuke of retaliation:
Say not "As he hath done to me, so will I do to him,
I will render to the man according to his work."
It was this generosity that Buddha exercised, [16] and Jesus; and it
was left to Paul to recover the Jahvist modifications of Solomon's
wisdom in order to adulterate for hard Romans the humane spirit of
Jesus (Romans xii. 19, 20). The Solomonic sentences are normally so
magnanimous as to throw suspicion on any clause tainted with smallness
or vulgarity. The pervading spirit is, "The benevolent heart shall
be enriched, and he who watereth shall himself be watered."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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