The learning took mostly a fantastic [pa-ntsi] form--pedantic, busied with the mere shells of words, and names of things. It busied itself chiefly with the old languages of the Romans and the Greeks. A man who could repeat aloud from memory the _modes_ of a Greek word was a man of profound learning. Of our Central Kingdom, of the wisdom and knowledge of the great East, they knew nothing; but nursed an intolerable conceit in admiration of the trivialities of their own ignorance, and by disdaining to understand a civilization of which they knew nothing--branding it as idolatrous, dark, Pagan! Still, gradually, intercourse and larger acquaintance with the main parts, revived the love of Roman art; and the Roman civilization once more revived. Roman architecture, sculpture, learning, laws appeared. The style of public buildings, houses of the High-Castes, Bridges, took on the Roman forms. The _Literati_ became more numerous; and, with the increasing riches, larger numbers became instructed. A long, bloody and disastrous War, which ended only a few years ago, moderated the intolerant selfishness of the Barbarians. It left them so crushed down under the weight of innumerable taxes, that it began to be seen that these interminable Wars beyond Seas, were not paid for by the gains of trade, nor by acquisitions of territory. This moderation was strengthened by the better and increasing knowledge: and Wars are not, in general, so eagerly waged. The oldest child of a Ruler succeeds--male first, and failing him, a female. The direct descent from the _eldest_ always succeeds, to the exclusion of the younger. It is justly claimed that this is an element of stability; though it contains a foolish omission. For there is no recognized authority which can set aside an heir in the direct Line for however good cause. Thus the danger of a violent succession is always imminent--and of this the English history has many examples. In our Flowery Land, this danger is averted by the wise customs of the great _Calao_. In my Report, I have explained at length the rules which govern in transactions with foreign tribes; and shown the maxims needful for our Illustrious, in all negotiations and dealings with the Western Barbarians. As trade (particularly by the English) is the grand object, I have pointed out how to deal in this matter, in such way as to yield no more than is convenient, nor sooner than is expedient. The _Committee_ who govern, preserving ancient forms, administer through them, in the name of the Sovereign. These forms assume _three great divisions_, one of them being two-fold: _spiritual_, referring to the great Superstition; and the other _temporal_; this is quite nominal, for the "temporalities" always touch matters _spiritual_ in some way. The _First_ is the Executive. The _Second_ is the Parliament. The _Third_ is the Judicial.