Some religious and moral teachings of Al-Ghazzali : $b Being brief extracts from his Ihya-u-Ulum-id-dinGhazzali
Islamic
Some religious and moral teachings of Al-Ghazzali : $b Being brief extracts from his Ihya-u-Ulum-id-din
Ghazzali
Islamic ethics -- Early works to 1800
Let us first turn to the Quran and the Hadis. “Allah has promised to
the believing man and the believing women gardens, beneath which rivers
flow, to abide in them, and goodly dwellings in gardens of perpetual
abode and best of all is Allah’s goodly pleasure—that is the grand
achievement”.[99] In this passage God’s pleasure (Rizwan) is described
as best of all blessings. In another passage this blessing is also
bestowed on those who joyfully submit to his will, “Allah is well pleased
with them and they are well pleased with him; that is for him who fears
his Lord.”[100] “Who fear the beneficent God in secret and come with a
penitent heart, enter it in peace that is the day of abiding. They have
therein what they wish _and with us is more yet_.” Some commentators
while commenting on the words in italics say that three gifts will be
given in paradise: (i) a rare gift of which “no soul knows (in this
world) what is hidden for them of that which will refresh the eyes”.[101]
(ii) The salutation as mentioned in the Quran: “Peace (Salam) a word
from the merciful Lord”.[102] (iii) His goodly grace and pleasure as
mentioned in “wa Rizwanumminallahi akbar” (and best of all is Allah’s
goodly pleasure).
The Prophet once asked some of his companions to point out the signs of
the faith which they professed. “O apostle of God,” said the companions,
“we are patient in tribulations, grateful in felicity and pleased with
what is ordained”. “Ye are Muslims” said the Prophet. Again the Prophet
said: “Ye who are poor be pleased with what God has put you in and then
you shall have your reward”.
Let us discuss the nature of Riza. Those who deny the existence of Riza,
saying that man can be patient in sufferings but joyous submission to
His will is not possible, really deny the existence of love and its
all-absorbing nature. A lover always loves his beloved’s actions. Now
this love of actions is of two kinds: (1) Redemption from the experience
of pain caused in mental or physical suffering.
Experience shows that many warriors while enraged do not feel the pain
of their wounds, and know it only when they see blood gushing from them.
Even when a man is engaged in some action which absorbs his attention,
the pain of a thorn pricking him will not be felt. If then in such
cases—and there are many such—pain is not felt, will it not be possible
that a devotee who is absorbed in him does not feel pain, which in his
belief is inflicted by his beloved?
Or (2) although pain is felt, he would desire it just as a patient who
feels the pain caused by the surgeon’s lancet is glad to be operated
upon and is pleased with the surgeon’s action. Similarly he who firmly
believes that tribulations are like God-sent curatives will be pleased
with them and be thankful to God. Anyone who ponders over the nature of
the above mentioned kinds and then in the light of them reads the lives
and the sayings of the lovers of God, will, I believe, be convinced of
the existence of Riza.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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