First rib broad at the vertebral end. Tympanic bone square; aperture nearly as long as the bone. The first six cervical vertebræ all united by their bodies. The upper lateral process of the atlas subcylindrical, narrow at the base, recurved and rounded at the end; the lower lateral process narrow at the base, swollen and rounded at the end (Ostéog. Cét. t. 1. f. 19). Carpus cartilaginous, with six carpal bones, a radius and cubitus, one radial and one cubital and two carpals in the second range (Ostéog. Cét. t. 1. f. 1). Scapula as long as broad, with a small cylindrical coracoid process, rounded at the end. Five phalanges to the middle finger, four to the index and ring fingers, four to the little finger, and two to the thumb. The first rib is simple at the upper and thin at the free edge. The nasal bone rhomboidal, moderate. Vertebræ 50-59. 1. Eubalæna australis. B.M. Eubalæna australis, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 91, fig. 6; _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 1. Balæna australis, _Cuv._, _Oss. Foss._ v. t. 25-27. Balæna capensis, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ t. 1. f. 3 (baleen). Inhab. Cape of Good Hope. 2. Eubalæna Sieboldii. Eubalæna Sieboldii, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 96; _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 1, t. 1. f. 2 (baleen). Balæna japonica, _Gray_, _Zool. Ereb. & Ter._ p. 15, tab. 1*. fig. 2 (baleen). Balæna alutiensis, _Meyer_; _Van Beneden_, _Bull. Acad. Belgique_, xx. 1866, no. 14. [Both from the North-west-Coast whalebone of commerce, which is quite distinct from the South-sea whalebone, brought from the Cape.] Balæna japonica, _Eschricht_, _Vid. Selsk. Skrivt._ ser. 5. ix. p. 1, Kjöbenh. 1869, pl. 1 (skull of fœtus), pl. 2 (head); _Gray_, _Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist._ 1870, vi. p. 202. Inhab. Kamtschatka. Skeleton of fœtus 5¼ feet long, in Mus. Copenhagen. See also the following doubtful species:— 1. Balæna japonica, _Lacépède_, _Mém. Mus._ iv. p. 473. Balæna lunulata, _Lacép._ _Mém. Mus._ iv. p. 475. These two are from Chinese, or, rather, Japanese drawings. 2. Balæna australis, _Temminck_, _Fauna Japonica_, Taf. 28 & 29 (not _Desmoulins_). Balæna Sieboldii, _Gray_, _Ann. & Mag. N. H._ 1864, xiv. p. 349. From a model made by the Japanese in porcelain clay. 3. Eubalæna? cisarctica. Eubalæna? cisarctica, _Cope_. Balæna cisarctica, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad._ 1865, p. 1; _Gray_, _Ann. & Mag. N. H._ 1868, i. pp. 244 & 247, 1870, vi. p. 200. Balæna biscayensis, _Van Beneden_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 7. figs. 4, 5, 6 (ear-bones only). Inhab. Atlantic.