Clothing 5.397 kg. Equipment[49] 3,964 „ Baggage[50] 5.600 „ Arms and ammunition 8.507 „ Rations (including breakfast). 3.238 „ ---------- Total 26.706 kg. To this must be added intrenching tools: Small spade and scabbard 0.89 kg. Hatchet 1.08 „ Mattock 1.48 „ Load with spade 27.596 „ [49] Tent equipment 1.620 kg. [50] Iron ration, 2.388 kg. The British soldier carries only a 269 g. ration on his person, sufficient for 26 hours. It consists of two parts, one containing cocoa paste, the other concentrated extract of beef (Pemmican). COMPARISON.[51] ===========+==========+=======+========+=======+=======+=========== | | | |Weight| | Weight | | | | of | Weight| of | Without | With |Clothing.|knap- | of | ammu- | spades. |spades.| |sacks.|rifles.|nition.[52] -----------+----------+-------+---------+------+-------+----------- Germany |26.706 | 27.596| 5.397 |20.919| 4.707 | 4.714 kg. Austria[53]|26.615 | 26.443| 4.428 |22.187| 4.200 | 4.080 „ Russia |28.216 | 29.206| 4.000 |22.622| 4.576 | 3.426 „ France |26.125 | | 6.222 |19.903| 5.049 | 3.675 „ Italy |29.135[54]| | 5.993 |23.143| 4.505 | 4.320 „ Japan |26.365 | | 3.475 |22.890| 4.435 | 3.600 „ -----------+----------+-------+---------+------+-------+----------- [51] According to _Journal of Military Scientific Societies_, 1906. [52] Italy 162, Japan and Germany 150, the other states 120 rounds per man. [53] Depending on whether the man carries intrenching tools (front rank only) cooking utensils (rear rank and a few men of the front rank). [54] Alpini carry 32.096 kg. II. THE FORMATIONS. 1. THE ISSUE OF ORDERS.