Appeal of the Petrograd Soviet to the Cosacks to call off their _Krestny Khod_—the religious procession planned for November 4th (our calendar). “Brothers—Cossacks!” it begins. “The Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies addresses you.” But it was the “moderate” Socialist journals which were the most hostile. (See App. III, Sect. 3) “The Bolsheviki are the most dangerous enemies of the Revolution,” declared _Dielo Naroda._ Said the Menshevik _Dien,_ “The Government ought to defend itself and defend us.” Plekhanov’s paper, _Yedinstvo_ (Unity) (See App. III, Sect. 4), called the attention of the Government to the fact that the Petrograd workers were being armed, and demanded stern measures against the Bolsheviki. Daily the Government seemed to become more helpless. Even the Municipal administration broke down. The columns of the morning papers were filled with accounts of the most audacious robberies and murders, and the criminals were unmolested. On the other hand armed workers patrolled the streets at night, doing battle with marauders and requisitioning arms wherever they found them. On the first of November Colonel Polkovnikov, Military Commander of Petrograd, issued a proclamation: Despite the difficult days through which the country is passing, irresponsible appeals to armed demonstrations and massacres are still being spread around Petrograd, and from day to day robbery and disorder increase. This state of things is disorganising the life of the citizens, and hinders the systematic work of the Government and the Municipal Institutions. In full consciousness of my responsibility and my duty before my country, I command: 1. Every military unit, in accordance with special instructions and within the territory of its garrison, to afford every assistance to the Municipality, to the Commissars, and to the militia, in the guarding of Government institutions. 2. The organisation of patrols, in co-operation with the District Commander and the representatives of the city militia, and the taking of measures for the arrest of criminals and deserters. 3. The arrest of all persons entering barracks and inciting to armed demonstrations and massacres, and their delivery to the headquarters of the Second Commander of the city. 4. To suppress any armed demonstration or riot at its start, with all armed forces at hand. 5. To afford assistance to the Commissars in preventing unwarranted searches in houses and unwarranted arrests. 6. To report immediately all that happens in the district under charge to the Staff of the Petrograd Military District. I call upon all Army Committees and organisations to afford their help to the commanders in fulfilment of the duties with which they are charged.