[9] Wagner, H. Lehrbuch der Geographie. Leipzig, 1903. pp. 78-81; Frisius, G. De principiis astronomiae et cosmographiae. Antwerp, 1530. Chap. titled “De novo modo inveniendi longitudinem”; Ptolemaeus. Geographia. Chap. 4. Ptolemy here refers to an eclipse of the moon, in the year 331 B.C., which was observed in Arbela the fifth hour, in Carthage the second hour. He therefore noted a difference in time of three hours between the two places, and he therefore concluded the difference in longitude to be 43 degrees. Since the actual difference in longitude is but 34 degrees his error was of considerable magnitude, which found expression in his maps, and in the maps of those who followed him, as the greatest of geographical teachers, well into the seventeenth century. The method of determining longitude by means of the observation of the eclipses of the moon remained practically the only method until the end of the fifteenth century. Attention may here be called to work of Cassini and of other astronomers of his period. See II, 141. [10] Aa, op. cit., “Veen, Adrien,” also Kramm, op. cit. [11] Baudet, P. J. H. Leven en werken van Willem Jansz. Blaeu. Utrecht, 1871. pp. 156-158; “Extract uit de Resol. der Staten van Holland en West-Vriesland, 5 Aug. 1608.” [12] Fiorini, op. cit., p. 271. [13] Information kindly furnished by the director. [14] See II, 11. [15] The parrot particularly interested the early explorers who visited the South American coast. See the artistic representation appearing on the Cantino map, in apparently the oldest extant representation of an American landscape. [16] Voyages of Fox and James to the Northwest. Ed. by Christy Miller for the Hakluyt Society. London, 1894. See especially the second part of Vol. II, “The strange and dangerous voyage of Captain Thomas James, London, 1633.” [17] The voyage of Thomas Button was made in the years 1612-1613, an account of which is given in Voyages of Fox and James, Vol. I. pp. 162-201.