Prevention: isolate and kill affected; destroy or disinfect carcasses and infected things and places, feeding and drinking troughs and manure. Close and drain infected fields. Immunization, by three inoculations with cultures made at a high temperature (86° to 90°) in free air; or with virus that has been grown in pigeon. In case of deer, drive a few days into a noninfecting enclosure, and then on to a sound range. Treatment. _Synonyms._ Wild—und Rinderseuche (Bollinger), Buffalo Disease, Barbone (Oreste and Armanni), Cornstalk Disease (Billings, Moore), Sporadic Pneumonia (Smith), Pneumo-enteritis (Galtier.) _Definition._ An acute bacteridian disease of domestic and wild herbivora and swine, characterized by sudden onset, rapid and fatal course, marked hyperthermia, accelerated breathing and pulse, and extensive gelatinoid or sanguineous extravasation in the intermaxillary space, tongue, skin, subcutaneous or intermuscular connective tissue, lungs, pleura, pericardium or intestine. _Historic Notes._ It is almost certain that in earlier times this affection was often mistaken for gloss-anthrax, blackquarter, or even lung plague. Metaxa, in 1816 in Italy, manifestly describes it. Oreste and Armanni, in 1882 and 1887, traced Italian cases to the microbe. In 1854 it destroyed many cattle and deer in England (Veterinarian). In 1878 Bollinger records its great fatality among the deer, wild boars, cattle and horses in and near the royal parks at Munich, and for a number of years after in Bavaria. Friedberger records its presence in Schlüchtern, Prussia, in 1885–6, Condamine in Cochin China in 1868, and Guillbeau and Hess in Switzerland in 1894. In America, what appears to be the same affection is noted as corn-fodder disease in Nebraska (Billings), as Wildseuche in Tennessee (Norgaard), and as hæmorrhagica septicæmia in Minnesota (Reynolds). I have repeatedly met with the affection in New York in cows arriving from the west, and in the indigenous cattle on wet, mucky, undrained land in spring, about the period of the melting snows. _Bacteriology._ The essential cause of the disease is a saprophytic cocco-bacillus, ovoid, with rounded ends, about 1μ long by 0.3 to 0.6μ broad, but showing involution forms and a variable size. It is nonmotile (Kitt claims motility), ærobic (facultative anærobic), takes a polar stain with clear centre in aniline colors, bleaches in Gram’s (1) solution, shows neither spores nor flagella, grows readily in bouillon, on gelatine, (a bluish transparent layer without liquefying), serum at 98° F., milk (without acidifying or coagulating), and alkaline potato (not on the acid). The cultures have a peculiar odor and yield no indol. The microbe shows a very close relationship with those of swine plague, chicken cholera and rabbit septicæmia, but it sometimes differs in showing little or no pathogenesis for the Guinea-pig.