We made a start by investigating individual capital. But we must approach the demonstration of total capital and its total product in a somewhat different manner. Quantitatively, as a quantity of value, the _c_ of society consists precisely in the total of individual constant capitals, and the same applies to the other amounts, _v_ and _s_. But the outward shape of each has changed--the _c_ of constant capitals re-emerges from the process of production as an element of value with infinitely varied facets, comprising a host of variegated objects for use, but in the total product it appears, as it were, contracted into a certain quantity of means of production. Similarly with _v_ and _s_, which in the case of the individual capitalist re-emerge as items in a most colourful jumble of commodities, being provisions in adequate quantities for the workers and capitalists. Adam Smith came very close to recognising this fact when he observed that the categories of fixed and circulating capital and of revenue in relation to the individual capitalist do not coincide with these categories in the case of society. We have come to the following conclusions: (1) The formula _c + v + s_ serves to express the production of society viewed as a whole, as well as the production of individual capitalists. (2) Social production is divided into two departments, engaged in the production of producer and consumer goods respectively. (3) Both departments work according to capitalist methods, that is to say they both aim at the production of surplus value, and thus the formula _c + v + s_ will apply to each of them. (4) The two departments are interdependent, and are therefore bound to display a certain quantitative relationship, namely the one department must produce all means of production, the other all provisions for the workers and capitalists of both departments. Proceeding from this point of view, Marx devised the following diagram of capitalist reproduction: I. _4,000c + 1,000v + 1,000s = 6,000_ means of production II. _2,000c + 500v + 500s = 3,000_ articles of consumption.[86]