_Gastrocnemius_ (Plate III., Figs. 1 and 3, cap. int. gastr., Plate IV., Fig. 4, cap. int. gastr. and cap. ext. gastr., Plate V., Figs. 2 and 3, cap. ext. gastr. and cap. int. gastr.) (Solenmuskel, Outer head of gastrocnemius). This is the strongest superficial flexor muscle on the posterior surface of the lower leg; it consists of two heads: I. The caput femorale (externum) originates by a strong, short tendon from the lateral and posterior surface of the external condyle of the femur. This head has a double insertion: (1) from the outer, fibular border of the muscle separates off a tendon that spreads out in the first layer of the plantar tendon-muscle; (2) the chief part of caput I. becomes a broad, flat, subcutaneous tendon which is covered by the tendon Achilles and serves as the origin of the short flexors of the toes. II. The caput tibiale (internum) springs without a tendon from the posterior surface of the head and the proximal third of the tibia. The broad and somewhat flat muscle has two insertions: (1) on the plantar and medial border of the first basis metatarsi; (2) the chief insertion on the outer border of the rudimentary fifth toe, after forming, with the tendon of the flexor tibialis externus, the tendon Achilles. _Flexor Longus Digitorum_ (Plate IV., Fig. 4) (Langer durchbohrender gemeinschaftlicher Zehenbeuger). A many-headed muscle visible on the posterior side of the lower leg after removal of the preceding muscle. (a) Caput externum: a flat, fairly broad muscle which springs from the outer and posterior surface of the fibula. Arriving at the astragalo-scaphoid bone, it forms a very strong tendon which unites with the still stronger tendon of the other head and both together form the broad initial tendon of the flexor digitorum communis brevis muscle. (b) Caput internum: this springs without a tendon from the whole posterior surface of the upper half of the tibia, sometimes, as in crocodiles, uniting with the caput femoralis of the gastrocnemius muscle. The common tendon splits into three points for the first, second, and third toes. _Tibialis Posticus_ (Plate V., Fig. 2, tib. post.) (Jambier postérieur, Hinterer Schienbeinmuskel). Originates without tendon from the whole fibular side of the tibia, on the one hand, and from the whole inner and forward side of the fibula on the other hand, occupying the whole space between these two bones on the hinder side of the lower leg. At its proximal end it is united with the caput internum of the preceding muscle which completely covers it from behind. It narrows down to a very strong tendon which divides into two equally strong, round tendons; of these the one on the tibial side is inserted on the basis ossis of the first metacarpal, the one towards the fibula goes immediately to the second metacarpal.