Quite to the south, in the mountains of Oaxaca and Guerrero, the Tequistlatecas, usually known by the meaningless term Chontales, belong to this stem, judging from the imperfect vocabularies which have been published. The peninsula of California was inhabited by several Yuma tribes differing in dialect but much alike in culture, all being on its lowest stage. Wholly unacquainted with metals, without agriculture of any kind, naked, and constructing no sort of permanent shelters, they depended on fishing, hunting and natural products for subsistence. Their weapons were the bow and the lance, which they pointed with sharpened stones. Canoes were unknown, and what little they did in navigation was upon rafts of reeds and brush. Marriages among them were by individual preference, and are said not to have respected the limits of consanguinity; but this is doubtful, as we are also told that the mother-in-law was treated with peculiar ceremony. Their rites for the dead indicate a belief in the survival of the individual. The body was buried and after a certain time the bones were cleaned, painted red, and preserved in ossuaries. The population was sparse, probably not more than ten thousand on the whole peninsula. At the extreme south were the Pericus, who extended to N. Lat. 24°; beyond these lived the Guaicurus to about Lat. 26°; and in the northern portion of the peninsula to latitude 33° the Cochimis.[127] The early writers state that in appearance these bands did not differ from the Mexicans on the other side of the Gulf. Their skulls, however, which have been collected principally from the district of the Pericus, present a peculiar degree of elongation and height (dolichocephalic and hypsistenocephalic). YUMA LINGUISTIC STOCK. _Ceris_, on Tiburon Island and the adjacent coast. _Cochimis_, northern portion of Californian peninsula. _Cocopas_, at mouth of Colorado river. _Coco-Maricopas_, on middle Gila river. _Comeyas_, between lower Colorado and the Pacific. _Coninos_, on Cataract creek, branch of the Colorado. _Cuchanes_, see _Yumas_. _Diegueños_, near San Diego on the Pacific. _Gohunes_, on Rio Salado and Rio Verde. _Guaicurus_, middle portion of Californian peninsula. _Hualapais_, from lower Colorado to Black Mountains. _Maricopas_, see _Coco-Maricopas_. _Mohaves_, on both banks of lower Colorado. _Pericus_, southern extremity of Californian peninsula. _Tontos_, in Tonto basin and in the Pinal mountains. _Tequistlatecas_, of Oaxaca and Guerrero. _Yavipais_, west of Prescott, Arizona. _Yumas_, near mouth of Colorado river.[128] 3. THE PUEBLO TRIBES.