Way into the Town, the Inhabitants fearing they should be put to the Sword if their City was taken, some fled to the adjoining _Promontory_, others to the Sea, and that some of them steering about a long time in a Fisher-boat, made at last a landing, got into a Tower, from thence made Signals of Distress, and were assisted at last by the People of _Chalcedon_. And not only the Castle of old _Byzantium_ was built upon the first Hill, but Historians assure us, that the Emperours of _Constantinople_ likewise continu’d a Fortress there, when they tell us, that to keep off the Enemy from entring the Port, they laid a Boom across the River, from the Cittadel to the Castle of _Galata_: Nay, even at this Day, the _Grand Seignor_ has a Cittadel there, fortify’d with thick Walls, which enclose his spacious Gardens on all sides. In old _Byzantium_ there was a Place call’d the _Thracian_ Field, lying upon a Level, and not incumber’d with Houses. It was upon this Plain that _Xenophon_ drew up in Military Order the _Grecian_ Army. He informs us, in his Book of his _Hellenici_, that this Field was near the _Thracian_ Gate; they open’d, says he, the Gates adjoining the _Thracian_ Field: And in the 7ᵗʰ Book of the _Expedition of Cyrus_, speaking of a Place, seated near the Walls of _Byzantium_, where he ranged his Army in order of Battle, he tells us, that the most convenient Place to draw up, or muster an Army is, the _Thracian_ Field; because, as he goes on, ’tis free of Houses, and upon a Plain. I observ’d before, that the seven Towers of _Byzantium_ reach’d from the _Thracian_ Gate to the Sea; _Georgius Cedrinus_ asserts, that they reach’d to the Northern-Sea, that is, to the Bay call’d _Ceras_. _Herodotus_ attests, that in old _Byzantium_ stood an Altar erected to _Diana Orthosia_, and a Temple dedicated to _Bacchus_. _Darius_, says he, _upon viewing the Black Sea, came back to the Bridge, and erected upon the_ Bosporus _two Stone Columns, on which he order’d to be engraven the_ Assyrian _and_ Greek _Alphabets. The_ Byzantians _afterwards removed them into the City, near to the Altar of_ Diana Orthosia. _The_ Greek _Alphabet was what they retain’d, and made use of. The Column with the_ Assyrian _Characters they left remaining near the Temple of_ Bacchus, _where they had fix’d it_. _Laurentius_ translates the _Greek_ Word _Orthosia_, _Erecta_, but he had translated it more properly, had he call’d her _Erectoria_, or _Erectrix_, because as being the Goddess of Child-birth she _raises up_, or _recovers_ Women in Labour. This I collect to be the true Sense of the Word, not only from several Authors, but from _Plutarch_, who in his Book of _Rivers_, has this Story: _Proud_ Teuthras, _King of_ Mysia, says he, _with his Retinue of Spearmen chas’d a Boar, which fled into the Temple of_ Diana Orthosia _to implore her Assistance. As they were all driving furiously into the Temple, the Boar cry’d out with an