1. It is best to distribute the columns irregularly under trees of gardens, avenues, roads, and courtyards, even if not very dense. 2. The camouflage of wagons or artillery pieces by means of branches does not secure them from reconnaissance by airplanes, when the column is in the open on light-colored ground, as, for example, on dry roads. Shadows enlarge in a surprising manner. 3. In villages, keep close to the houses, walls, enclosures of gardens and hedges, but, if possible, with irregular distribution. The best side is always the north side of houses, walls, etc., on account of the shadow. 4. In small courtyards the wagons are lined up one beside the other and the tarpaulins joined in order to make a roof. This appears as a smooth and very natural surface on the photograph, which does not attract the enemy’s attention. 5. Lessen the tracks, if possible. Do not widen the roads of approach uselessly. Follow the track. Mark out footpaths, staking them out, if necessary, by wire. (_b_) Troops on foot, wagons, and artillery columns on the march. 1. Even at night make more use of tracks which are generally dark; the columns can then with difficulty be observed by airplanes; on the other hand, columns on roads which appear light can be seen even at night. 2. Infantry columns will be divided into small groups distributed in depth and advance along the shady side of roads. 3. When airplanes use light projectors at night keep in the shade of trees or buildings. III. GENERAL RULE. When surprised by airplanes, either by day or by night, use all natural shade provided by trees, embankments, houses, etc., and remain motionless. By Order of the General Commanding the Army. CHIEF OF STAFF. (Signed) FAUPEL, _Lieutenant-Colonel_. So great, indeed, was the importance attached to camouflage by the German High Command that, during the last year of the war, there was attached to every German division a “security officer” whose duty it was to enforce the rigid observance of camouflage discipline. In many cases these security officers kept a watch on their respective division from observation-balloons. They were answerable only to Great Headquarters and were empowered, I understand, to recommend the removal of all officers up to and including generals of division for infraction of the rules for camouflage discipline as laid down by Ludendorff.