The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies: As illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila (1583-1800)Cunningham, Charles Henry
History
The Audiencia in the Spanish Colonies: As illustrated by the Audiencia of Manila (1583-1800)
Cunningham, Charles Henry
Philippines -- History -- 1521-1812; Spain -- Colonies -- Administration
The audiencia, after an interregnum of seven years, was restored
by a cédula promulgated by Philip II, November 26, 1595. [107] The
tribunal was to consist of a president, who should also be governor and
captain-general, four oidores, a fiscal, and various subordinates. The
history of the former audiencia and the reasons for its suppression
and re-establishment are summarized in the cédula as follows:
I established an audiencia in that city and province in order
that everything might be governed by means of it, and that justice
might be administered with the same universal equality, mildness,
and satisfaction desirable; after its establishment I ordered
it suppressed as experience proved it unnecessary in a land so
new and unsettled; in its place I sent a governor, and though his
administration was excellent, yet, inasmuch as that community had
grown, and I hope that it will continue to grow, I have thought
it advisable to found and establish the said audiencia again.
In this cédula, which was addressed to Governor Tello, the king
pointed to the increased importance of the Philippines, and to the
many expeditions by which the Island of Luzón and other islands of
the Archipelago had become pacified and more densely settled. The
increase of commerce with the Chinese was also cited as a reason
for providing the Islands with a more stable government. It was
stated that in the administration of justice there should be as much
efficiency as possible without the loss and inconvenience involved
in appealing cases to Mexico. The governor would have more time for
his increasing administrative and military duties if disengaged from
his former judicial functions. The cédula continued:
You [the governor] may find it advisable to have by you persons
with whom to take counsel, in order that matters may be considered
with the requisite conformity and by a sufficiently large body of
advisers; for these reasons I have decided to form an audiencia;
... you shall be its president, holding that office with those
of my governor and captain-general. [108]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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