The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial ArmyCheesman, George Leonard
History
The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial Army
Cheesman, George Leonard
Rome -- Army; Rome -- Colonies
It is on these two frontiers, the Rhine and the Danube, that the
transfer of troops can most easily be traced, because of the importance
of the military events which caused it to take place. In other parts
of the Empire other tendencies were at work during the first century
which produced the same result in less noticeable fashion. One need
only mention the steady drift of troops from the Danube to the East
in the reign of Nero,[217] and from the Rhine to the Danube a little
later,[218] and it is easily intelligible that the second-century army
list shows few traces of the original policy of Augustus.
If, then, it were correct to assume that the title of an auxiliary
regiment is always a correct index of its composition, it would
certainly be justifiable to comment on the extraordinary mixture
of nationalities in the frontier garrisons of the second century.
Fortunately, however, the frequent mention of the origin of individual
soldiers on diplomata and sepulchral inscriptions[219] gives us the
means of checking this assumption and of working upon a surer basis
of fact. The following lists give the inscriptions of this type from
Pannonia arranged in two groups according to their date, the year
70 being taken as the dividing line; that is to say, the soldiers
mentioned in the first group were _enrolled_ before that date.
Some inscriptions which could not be dated with any certainty have
necessarily been omitted, also others where there was reason to believe
that the soldier mentioned was enrolled when his regiment was in a
different province.[220] To the second group, which illustrates the
recruiting system from the Flavian period onwards, a list of similar
inscriptions from Dacia has been added. In each case the title of the
regiment is followed by the nationality or place of origin of the
soldier, stated in the form given on the inscription, and by the name
of the province from which he was drawn. For reasons which will appear
later the evidence concerning the oriental regiments is omitted.
I. SOLDIERS RECRUITED BEFORE 70 AND STATIONED IN PANNONIA.
Ala II Hispanorum Hispanus Spain iii. 3271.
et Aravacorum[221]
Ala II Hispanorum Sueltrius Narbonensis iii. 3286.
et Aravacorum[221]
Ala Frontoniana Andautonia Pannonia iii. 3679.
Tungrorum[222]
Cohors II Hispanorum Cornacas Pannonia D. ci
(before 60).
Cohors II Hispanorum Varcianus Pannonia D. ii (60).
Cohors I Lusitanorum Iasus Pannonia D. xvii (85).
Cohors I Montanorum Bessus Thrace D. xiii (80).
Cohors I Montanorum Dalmatia Dalmatia D. xvi (84).
II. SOLDIERS RECRUITED AFTER 70.
_II. A. Pannonia Superior._
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