B, III, the Breast, or Sternum; (1) the Prothorax is below the shoulder and above the fore-leg; (2) the Meso-pleura is contiguous to the prothorax and the shoulder; here in the upper front corner is the "Stigma," a prominent respiratory orifice, below which the large Stigmatical Bristle may be found; the (3) Ptero-pleura is below the wings and behind the meso-pleura; (4) the Meta-pleura is "a more or less tubercular piece below the region between the root of the wing and the haltere"; (5) the Sterno-pleura is above the middle leg and below the Sterno-pleural Suture, where it bounds the meso-pleura; (6) the Hypo-pleura is behind the sterno-pleura and above the hind leg. B, IV, the Meta-Notum is the part of the thorax behind and beneath B, I (6), the scutellum. C = Appendages of the thorax. C, I, Fore-legs, Mid-legs, and Hind-legs; every leg has nine joints [particularised illustrations on _plate_ VII]; (1) Coxæ are the joints attached to the body; (2) Trochanters very small and inconspicuous; (3) Femora or Thighs; (4) Tibiæ or Shins; (5) First Tarsal Joint or Metatarsus; (6) Second Tarsal Joint; (7) Third; (8) Fourth; (9) Fifth Tarsal Joint; (10) the Knees are where the Thighs and Shins join; (11) Claws, Foot-pads, and Empodium are appendages of the fifth tarsal joint. C, II, Wings [_see_ Table of wing-cells and veins]; the quarters of the wing are the Fore and the Hind Basal Regions and the Fore and the Hind Apical Regions. The Stigma is a thickened portion of the wing at the middle of the fore margin. C, III, the Halteres. C, IV, Squamæ are scale-like appendages beneath the wings and above the halteres; they seem to have some attachment to the roots of the wings; a small inner lobe is called the antisquama, but it is a feature not of much use in classifying and differentiating species. D = the Abdomen has numerous ringed sections; in the Sub-order, Cyclorrhapha in eight segments, but commonly divided into four or five conspicuous segments and three or four more smaller, less visible, and much modified in the sexual terminal segments. D, I, the first abdominal segment is the Basal Segment. D, II, the last of those more visible is the Anal Segment or Anus. D, III, the abdominal termination, _see plate_ VI, _fig._ 17. D, IV, the chief segments consist each of an Upper Plate joined to an Under Plate by Membranous Sides, often concealed. D, V, Abdominal Bristles, _see plate_ VI, _fig._ 41. E = Bristles, Hairs, etc.; fine short furry hairs are called Pubescence; "Hairs" are longer and stronger; Bristles are still stronger; but a very thick bristle is called a Spine, if on the costa, and a Spur, if on the leg; the larger bristles on B or on D are called Macrochætæ. F = Stripes and Bands; a long marking, when parallel (or nearly so) to the major axis of the body, leg, or wing, is called a Stripe; when lying at right angles (or nearly so) it is called a Band. For "frontal stripe" _see_ A, III (1).