VI 14. CHIRONOMIDÆ: midges and many small, slender and gnat-like flies; _Ceratopogon pulicaris_, _C. bipunctatus_, and _C. varius_ are our commoner native blood-sucking midges, of which the larvæ have been found under the damp bark of decadent trees; the larvæ of some others are aquatic, as also are all those of the long slender non-blood-sucking species, including those of the very common harlequin-fly, _Chironomus plumosus_, as also of several congerers, including _Ch. dorsalis_, of which the larvæ are known as "pond blood-worms." VII 19_b_. ORPHNEPHILIDÆ (darkness-loving): all foreign flies, except one rare. VIII 16. PSYCHODIDÆ: minute moth-like flies; they have been named owl-midges from a peculiar manner of holding their wings in repose. IX 18. CULICIDÆ: the true gnats or mosquitoes; 5 genera, 18 native species; three common, including _Culex pipiens_; larvæ abundant about marshy land and everywhere in water from which _fish are absent_, even in brackish water, but particularly in the stagnant water of small pools and vessels. X 19_a_. DIXIDÆ: a few small and gnat-like flies; larvæ aquatic. XI 21. PTYCHOPTERIDÆ: larvæ in shallow muddy pools. XII 23. LIMNOBIDÆ: 32 genera and more than 100 species; generally marsh and fen slender flies, large and small, rather resembling "crane-flies"; the larvæ live some in decaying vegetable matter, some in fungi, some are aquatic, and some are unknown; two species called "winter-gnats," genus _Trichocera_, are very common. XIII 24. TIPULIDÆ: true crane-flies or daddy-long-legs; about 60 species; larvæ (leather-jackets) underground in turf, or in decadent matter. XIV 8. RHYPHIDÆ: three native species; slender and of medium size; larvæ in rotting vegetable matter. XV 28. STRATIOMYIDÆ: 12 genera, 40 or more species; proboscis imperfect; wings rather small in comparison with the body, which is free from hairiness; a few are those large and conspicuously bright-coloured flies, which are called "soldier-flies"; the larvæ of the genus _Stratiomys_ are known as "star-tailed" maggots. XVI 30. TABANIDÆ: breeze-flies; ocelli absent; the short well-developed proboscis of the blood-sucking female pierces the skin of mammalia; the abdomen is somewhat pubescent, never hairy; semi-blind; larvæ in damp earth, predaceous. XVII 31, 37. LEPTIDÆ: a family of few species resembling some Empidæ rather than the flies of any preceding family. _Leptis scolopacea_ is a large fly, common in meadows, yellowish body with black spots. XVIII 40. ASILIDÆ: the "robber-flies," which are more boldly voracious than any other raptorial flies, preying on winged insects, large and small; terrestrial predaceous larvæ. XIX 42. BOMBYLIDÆ: furry, hovering, bee-like flies, mostly very long-tongued; bodies very rotund but with legs singularly thin; larvæ, some parasitic on the larvæ of ground bees, some unknown.