The wilder tribes of Cambodia convert the bony horn of the
sword-fish into a spear head, with which they confidently attack the
rhinoceros.[79] At Kotzebue Sound Captain Beechey found lances made
of a wooden staff ending in a walrus-tooth; and this defence was also
adapted to a tomahawk-point. The New Guinea tribes tip their arrows
with the teeth of the saw-fish and the spines of the globe-fish
(_Diodon_ and _Triodon_). The horny style of the Malaccan king-crab
(_Limulus_), a Crustacean sometimes reaching two feet in length, is
also made into an arrow-pile.[80] The Australians of King George’s
Sound arm their spears with the acute barbules of fishes; and the
natives of S. Salvador, when discovered by Columbus, pointed their
lances with fish-teeth. The Greenlander’s ‘nuguit’ (fig. 23) is
mentioned by Crantz as armed with the narwhal’s horn, and the wooden
handle is carved in relief with two human figures. By its side is
another spear (fig. 24) with a beam in narwhal-shape, the foreshaft
being composed of a similar ivory, inserted into the snout so as to
represent the natural defence. Here we see the association in the
maker’s mind between the animal from which the weapon is derived and
the purpose of destruction for which it is chiefly used. It also
illustrates the well-nigh universal practice amongst savages of
making their weapons to imitate animate forms. The reason may be a
superstition which still remains to be explained.
[Illustration: FIG. 22.—STING OF MALACCAN LIMULUS CRAB.]
[Illustration: FIG. 23.—TUE GREENLAND NUGUIT.]
[Illustration: FIG. 24.—NARWHAL SHAFT AND METAL BLADE.]
[Illustration: FIG. 25.—JADE PATTU-PATTUS.]
Foreshafts and heads of bone are still applied to the arrows of
the South African Bushmans. They alternate with wood, chert, and
metal throughout the North American continent, from Eskimo-land to
California. A notable resemblance has been traced between the bone-club
of the Nootka Sound ‘Indians,’ and the jade Pattu-Pattu or Meri of New
Zealand. Hence it has been suspected that this short, flat weapon, oval
or leaf-shaped, and made to hold in the hand, as if it were a stone
celt, was originally an imitation of the os humeri. Like the celt,
also, is the stone club found by Colonel A. Lane Fox in the bed of the
Bawn river, north Ireland.[81]
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