(2) The _Old Latin Version_ was made from the _old_ LXX. which is now lost except for the last two chapters of Chronicles, as stated above. It would therefore be of great value for criticism, but alas! only a few fragments survive. The later Latin Version, the _Vulgate_, made by Jerome, is of small value, as it represents only the official Hebrew text. (3) The _Syriac Version_, known as the Peshitṭa, is of even smaller value for textual criticism. Unlike the close rendering of other books in the Peshitṭa, Chronicles constantly has the characteristics of a paraphrase rather than a translation. One example will suffice. For “Joel the chief and Shaphat the second,” 1 Chronicles v. 12, the Peshitṭa has “And Joel went forth at their head and judged them and taught them the scriptures well.” The Peshitṭa is further noteworthy for curious omissions (and substitutions), e.g. 2 Chronicles iv. 10‒22; xi. 5‒xii. 12 (for which 1 Kings xii. 25‒30, followed by 1 Kings xiv. 1‒9, is substituted). For further information regarding the text and versions of Chronicles, see the edition by Curtis, pp. 35 ff. § 11. LITERATURE Of the more recent literature on Chronicles the following is a list of the principal works which have been consulted in the preparation of this volume. J. Wellhausen, _Prolegomena_ (1885), especially chapter vi. W. H. Bennett, _The Books of Chronicles_ in the _Expositor’s Bible_ (1894). F. Brown, _Chronicles_ in Hastings’ _Dictionary of the Bible_ (1898). W. R. Smith and S. R. Driver, _Chronicles_ in the _Encyclopaedia Biblica_ (1899). I. Benzinger, _Die Bücher der Chronik_ (1901). R. Kittel, _Die Bücher der Chronik_ (1902). C. F. Kent, _Israel’s Historical and Biographical Narratives_ (Student’s Old Testament, 1905). W. R. Harvie-Jellie, _Chronicles_ in the _Century Bible_ (1906). E. L. Curtis and A. A. Madsen, _Chronicles_ (the International Critical Commentary, 1910). S. R. Driver, _Literature of the Old Testament_, pp. 517‒540 (8th edition 1909). W. R. Smith and S. A. Cook, _Chronicles_ in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_ (1910). C. C. Torrey, _Ezra Studies_ (1910). A. T. Olstead, _Source Study and the Biblical Text_ in the _American Journal of Semitic Languages_ (October, 1913). Students interested in the Hebrew text should consult Kittel’s edition of the Old Testament in Hebrew; Kittel’s _Chronicles in Hebrew_ in _The Sacred Books of the Old Testament_ (edited by P. Haupt); Torrey’s _Ezra Studies_, and the commentary by Curtis and Madsen mentioned above; also Arno Kropat, “Die Syntax des Autors der Chronik,” in the _Zeitschrift für Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft_ (Beihefte) xvi. (1909). * * * * *