The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial VirginiaWharton, James
History
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia
Wharton, James
Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.); Fisheries -- Virginia; Fishing -- Virginia
with that of the Mother Country is an advantage to the latter;
since all our profits ultimately center with her.
It was pointed out that the English merchants were not above sharp
practices in filling orders for salt; they would reduce the amount
shipped to individuals and provide the captain with all he could carry
extra to be sold at high prices to needy buyers.
The plaint was just another of the rumblings of discontent contributing
to the grand explosion of thirteen years later. The intricacies were
entered into in detail by the Committee:
We have twelve different Colonies on the Continent of North
America. Four of them, viz., Pennsylvania, New York, New England,
and Newfoundland, have liberty to import salt from any part of
Europe directly. The other eight, viz., Virginia, Maryland, East
and West Jersey, North and South Carolina, Georgia and Nova Scotia,
as well as all the West India Islands, are deprived of it.
At present those Colonies on whose behalf the petition is given,
are supplied with salt from the Isle of Mays in Africa, Sal
Tortuga, and Turks Island in America, also a little from England;
but are deprived of the only salt that answers best for the
principal use, viz., to preserve fish and other provisions, twelve
months, or a longer time. What they have from Great Britain is made
from salt water by fire, which is preferred for all domestic uses.
The African or American salt is made from salt water by the sun;
which is used for curing and preserving provisions. The first, made
by fire, is found, by long experience, in warm climates, to be too
weak; the provisions cured with it turn rusty, and in six or eight
months become unfit for use. The second kind, by the quantity of
alum, or some other vicious quality in it, is so corrosive, that in
less than twelve months, the meat cured with it is entirely
deprived of all the fat, and the lean hardened, or so much
consumed, as to be of little service. The same ill qualities are
found in these salts with regard to fish: wherefore the arguments
used, that they ought to have English salt only, are as much as to
say, they should be allowed to catch fish, or salt any provisions,
but let their cattle and hogs die without reaping the advantage
nature has given them.
In all countries where a benefit can arise by fish or provisions,
salt must be cheap; and as its value where made is from ten to
twenty shillings the ton, so the carriage of it to America is often
more than the real value: It is in order to save part of the
expense of carriage, this application is made; for although some
gentlemen do not seem to know it, yet we have liberty, by the
present laws in force, to carry any kind of European salt to
America, the ship first coming to an English port, in order to make
an entry.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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