The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial VirginiaWharton, James
History
The Bounty of the Chesapeake: Fishing in Colonial Virginia
Wharton, James
Chesapeake Bay (Md. and Va.); Fisheries -- Virginia; Fishing -- Virginia
Like his fishing predecessors ever since Jamestown, Washington had his
troubles with salt. One of his business letters ordering a supply
complained: "Liverpool salt is inadequate to the saving of fish....
Lisbon is the proper kind."
He was only briefly touching on a subject that had vexed the Colonists
since the beginning. Through the years the cry for more and better salt
had gone up. The fishermen of Virginia needed salt for their fish as
badly as the Hebrews in Egypt needed straw for their bricks. Although
trading with foreign countries increased steadily, the question of a
salt supply for Virginia remained unsolved.
As the 18th century had progressed, matters grew even worse. In 1763
the Virginia Committee of Correspondence had written urgently to its
agent in London to apply to Parliament for an act to
allow to this Colony the same liberty to import salt from Lisbon or
any other European ports, which they have long enjoyed in the
Colonies and provinces of New England, New York and Pennsylvania.
This is a point that hath been more than once unsuccessfully
labored; but we think it is so reasonable, that when it is set in a
proper light, we shall hope for success. The reason upon which the
opposition hath been supported, is this general one that it is
contrary to the interest of Great Britain to permit her plantations
to be supplied with any commodity, especially any manufacture from
a foreign country, which she herself can supply them with. This we
allow to be of force; provided the Mother Country can and does
supply her plantations with as much as they want; but the fact
being otherwise, we have been allowed to supply ourselves with
large quantities from Cercera, Isle of May, Sal Tortuga and so
forth. The course of this trade being hazardous, in time of war,
this useful and necessary article hath been brought to us at a high
price of late. The reason or pretence of granting this indulgence
to the Northern Colonies, in exclusion of the Southern, we presume
to be to enable them to carry on their fishery to greater
advantage, the salt from the Continent of Europe being fitter for
that purpose than the salt from Great Britain or that from any of
the islands we have mentioned. But surely this reason is but weakly
founded with respect to Pennsylvania, whose rivers scarcely supply
them with fish sufficient for their own use; whereas the Bay of
Chesapeake abounds with great plenty and variety of fish fit for
foreign markets, as well as for ourselves, if we could but get the
proper kind of salt to cure it. Herrings and shads might be
exported to the West Indies to great advantage; and we could supply
the British markets with finer sturgeon than they have yet tasted
from the Baltic. And it is an allowed principle that every
extension of the trade of the Colonies, which does not interfere
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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