=Brown Thrasher=: _Toxostoma rufum_ (Linnaeus).--This is a common summer resident in woodland understory, edge, and second-growth. _T. r. rufum_ (Linnaeus) occurs in eastern Kansas, to the western edge of the Flint Hills, and _T. r. longicauda_ Baird occurs west of stations in Decatur, Lane, and Meade counties; the intervening populations are of intermediate morphologic character. Some individuals overwinter in Kansas, but most are regular migrants and summer residents, arriving in spring from April 1 to April 25 (the median is April 19), and departing in autumn between September 19 and October 13 (the median is September 28). _Breeding schedule._--The 237 records of breeding span the period May 1 to July 20 (Fig. 7); the modal date for egg-laying is May 15, and one-third of all eggs are laid in the period May 11 to 20. _Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 4 eggs, ranging from 2 to 5. Seasonal variation and mean values are shown in Table 15. Nests are placed about four feet high (ranging from 1-2/3 to 15 feet) in osage orange, elm, ornamental evergreens, gooseberry, barberry, honey locust, cottonwood, red cedar, rose, plum, honeysuckle, spirea, arbor vitae, willow, oak, apple, dogwood, and maple. TABLE 15.--SEASONAL VARIATION IN CLUTCH-SIZE OF THE BROWN THRASHER ============+==================+=================== TIME | Mean clutch-size | Number of records ------------+------------------+------------------- May 1-10 | 3.3 | 15 May 10-20 | 3.9 | 38 May 21-31 | 4.1 | 13 June 1-10 | 3.5 | 13 June 11-20 | 3.5 | 12 June 21-30 | 3.4 | 9 July 1-10 | 3 | 1 July 11-20 | 3 | 1 All: | 3.63 | 102 ------------+------------------+------------------- =Robin=: _Turdus migratorius migratorius_ Linnaeus.--This summer resident is common in the east, and is locally common in the west. Some individuals, usually in small groups, can be seen throughout the winter in eastern Kansas, and their presence makes it difficult to document dates of arrival and departure of the strictly summer resident birds; these can be said to arrive in March and to leave in October, but these indications are the barest approximations. _Breeding schedule._--The 334 records of breeding span the period April 1 to July 20 (Fig. 7); the modal date of laying of first clutches is April 25, but subsequent peaks are indistinct. Nearly half of all eggs are laid in the period April 11 to 30. _Number of eggs._--Clutch-size is 3 eggs (3.6, 3-6; 57). Clutches laid prior to May 10 average 3.6 eggs (3-6; 47), and those laid subsequent to May 10 average 3.5 eggs (3-4; 10).