In the sixth Cæsar terminated the Julian line. The three next princes in
the succession were personally uninteresting; and, with a slight
reserve in favor of Otho, whose motives for committing suicide (if truly
reported) argue great nobility of mind, [Footnote: We may add that the
unexampled public grief which followed the death of Otho, exceeding
even that which followed the death of Germanicus, and causing several
officers to commit suicide, implies some remarkable goodness in this
Prince, and a very unusual power of conciliating attachment.] were
even brutal in the tenor of their lives and monstrous; besides that the
extreme brevity of their several reigns (all three, taken conjunctly,
having held the supreme power for no more than twelve months and twenty
days) dismisses them from all effectual station or right to a separate
notice in the line of Cæsars. Coming to the tenth in succession,
Vespasian, and his two sons, Titus and Domitian, who make up the list of
the twelve Cæsars, as they are usually called, we find matter for
deeper political meditation and subjects of curious research. But
these emperors would be more properly classed with the five who succeed
them--Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, and the two Antonines; after whom comes
the young ruffian, Commodus, another Caligula or Nero, from whose
short and infamous reign Gibbon takes up his tale of the decline of the
empire. And this classification would probably have prevailed, had
not the very curious work of Suetonius, whose own life and period of
observation determined the series and cycle of his subjects, led to a
different distribution. But as it is evident that, in the succession of
the first twelve Cæsars, the six latter have no connection whatever by
descent, collaterally, or otherwise, with the six first, it would be a
more logical distribution to combine them according to the fortunes
of the state itself, and the succession of its prosperity through the
several stages of splendor, declension, revival, and final decay. Under
this arrangement, the first seventeen would belong to the first stage;
Commodus would open the second; Aurelian down to Constantine or Julian
would fill the third; and Jovian to Augustulus would bring up the
melancholy rear. Meantime it will be proper, after thus briefly throwing
our eyes over the monstrous atrocities of the early Cæsars, to spend a
few lines in examining their origin, and the circumstances which favored
their growth. For a mere hunter after hidden or forgotten singularities;
a lover on their own account of all strange perversities and freaks
of nature, whether in action, taste, or opinion; for a collector and
amateur of misgrowths and abortions; for a Suetonius, in short, it may
be quite enough to state and to arrange his cabinet of specimens from
the marvellous in human nature. But certainly in modern times, any
historian, however little affecting the praise of a philosophic
investigator, would feel himself called upon to remove a little
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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