The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)
Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Animals
The common _Vitrina pellucida_ has a curious habit which in all
probability serves for a defence against birds in the winter. When
crawling on the edge of a stone or twig it has the power of suddenly
jerking its ‘tail,’ so as to throw itself on the ground, where it is
probably lost to sight among decaying leaves. At other times it rolls
away a few inches and repeats the jump. It also possesses the power of
attaching to itself bits of leaves or soil, which entirely cover and
conceal both shell and animal.[145] The property of parting with the
tail altogether, a remarkable form of self-defence, has already been
noticed on p. 44.
The poisonous nature of the bite of certain species of _Conus_ is well
authenticated. Surgeon Hinde, R.N., saw[146] a native on the I. of
Matupi, New Britain, who had been bitten by a _Conus geographus_, and
who had at once cut small incisions with a sharp stone all over his
arm and shoulder. The blood flowed freely, and the native explained
that had he not taken these precautions he would have died. Instances
have been recorded of poisonous wounds being inflicted by the bite
of _Conus aulicus_, _C. textile_, and _C. tulipa_. According to Mr.
J. Macgillivray[147] _C. textile_ at Aneitum (S. Pacific) is called
_intrag_, and the natives say it spits the poison upon them from
several inches off! Two cases of bites from _C. textile_ occurred to
this gentleman’s notice, one of which terminated fatally by gangrene.
Sir Edward Belcher, when in command of the _Samarang_, was bitten[148]
by a _Conus aulicus_ at a little island off Ternate in the Moluccas.
As he took the creature out of the water, it suddenly exserted its
proboscis and inflicted a wound, causing a sensation similar to that
produced by the burning of phosphorus under the skin. The wound was
a small, deep, triangular mark, succeeded by a watery vesicle. The
natives of New Guinea have a wholesome dread of the bite of Cones.
Mr. C. Hedley relates[149] that while collecting on a coral reef he
once rolled over a boulder and exposed a living _C. textile_. Before
he could pick it up, one of the natives hastily snatched it away, and
explained, with vivid gesticulations, its hurtful qualities. On no
account would he permit Mr. Hedley to touch it, but insisted on himself
placing it in the bottle of spirits.
[Illustration: FIG. 27.--A tooth from the radula of _Conus
imperialis_ L., × 50, showing barb and poison duct.]
=Mimicry and Protective Coloration.=
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