_a._ In holes, or under grass, near the banks of pools. The larvae are liberated and washed into the water by the next heavy rain: _Leptodactylus ocellatus_, _L. mystacinus_, _Paludicola gracilis_, _Pseudophryne australis_ and _P. bibroni_. _b._ On leaves above the water, the larvae dropping down when leaving the egg: _Chiromantis rufescens_, _Phyllomedusa iheringi_, _Ph. hypochondrialis_. II. The yolk is very large and the young undergoes the whole or part of the metamorphosis within the egg; at any rate the larva does not assume an independent existence until after the loss of the gills. A. The eggs are deposited in damp situations, or on leaves. The young escape as:– _a._ Tadpoles: _Arthroleptis seychellensis_, _Rhacophorus schlegeli_, _Rh. maculatus_. _b._ Perfect, air-breathing frogs: _Rana opisthodon_, _Hylodes martinicensis_, _Hyla nebulosa_. B. The eggs are carried by a parent. _a._ By the male:– α. Round the legs; the young leaves the egg in the tadpole stage: _Alytes_. β. In the enlarged vocal sacs; the young leave in the perfect state: _Rhinoderma_. _b._ By the female:– α. Attached to the belly: _Rhacophorus reticulatus_. β. Attached to the back; the young complete their metamorphosis within the egg: _Pipa_. γ. In a dorsal pouch which the young leave as tadpoles: _Nototrema marsupiatum_;–or in the perfect state: _Nototrema testudineum_, _N. cornutum_, _N. oviferum_, _N. fissipes_, and _Hyla goeldii_. THE DEVELOPMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS of many species have been described in the systematic part. The following is a short general account of some of the more important features. Metamorphosis in the Apoda and Urodela is restricted chiefly to the reduction of the gills, the closing of the clefts, and the loss of the {57}gill-chamber and the finny margins of the tail; but the change from the tadpole to the final Anurous animal implies an almost entire reorganisation. [Illustration: FIG. 9.–Four stages of the development of the adhesive apparatus (_A_) of _Bufo vulgaris_; _M_, Mouth; _Sp.T._ spiracular tube. In 3 the gills are almost completely hidden by the united right and left opercular folds. The small outlined figures indicate the shape and natural size of the tadpoles. (After Thiele.)]